Teaching Culture throughTranslation and Subtitling Dr. Pia Arboleda University of Hawaii at Manoa

1. Teaching Culture throughTranslation and Subtitling Dr. Pia Arboleda University of Hawaii at Manoa

2. Background Language learning is boring. Our students belong to the MTV and multi-media generation. To address student needs, we must use fresh and exciting materials. Challenge Films, songs, texts are in Filipino. There is a need for bilingual materials. Translation and subtitling help to bridge the resource gap. photo: Flicker.com

3. Translation as a Tool for Teaching Philippine Language and Culture • practical tips on using translation and • subtitling for language teaching • Filipino 435: Translation Theory • and Practice • uses of bilingual materials • for teaching culture • Target students • Filipino heritage learners, • advanced level Artist: Botong Francisco

4. Components of an Integrated Approach to Pedagogy, Culture and Translation Courses Philippine Literature Materials Development Student Outputs Philippine History and Culture • My Projects • Sakay (film) • Two Friends, One World (story) • That’s All / Yun Lang (song) Translation Projects Translation course Philippine Language courses Philippine Film

5. Filipino 435: Translation Theory and Practice Course Description: This course is an introduction to the theory and practice of translation from Filipino to English and vice versa. The student will learn the fundamentals of translating literary and non-literary texts for a specific purpose and a specific audience. Objectives: By the end of the semester, the student should have been able to exhibit an understanding of translation theories, use these theories to analyze translated texts, apply these theories to produce a translation project.

6. Fil 435: Translation Theory and Practice Part I (3-4 weeks) Input: • What is translation? • Purposes of translation • Obligations of the translator • Different translation methods • Translation exercises • Classroom discussions, • analysis of selected translated texts Processing Activity: • Critical review in Filipino (3-5 pages) • Oral presentation in Filipino Student output:

7. Part II: Project for the Katipunan magazine

8. Part III: The Translation Project Pre-Translation • Project Selection • student interest • appropriate to their level of • linguistic competence • relevance to courses at UH • Preparatory Phase • Review of cultural/historical contexts • Film viewing or close reading of text • Conversion of DVD/VCD/VHS movie to digital video file • (for subtitling) [DVDX] • Transcription (for subtitling) • Listening exercise • Spelling • Paying close attention to expressions, idioms, tone, gaps and silences

9. Part III: The Translation Project Translation • Actual translation • target audience • translation theory • cultural information • difference in the language • structure of Filipino and English • Classroom Workshop • discussion of particular • problems, word choice, suggestions • Revision and finalization of subtitles or translation

10. Part III: The Translation Project Post-Translation Writing final papers (Guide Questions) Who is your target audience? What translation theories did you use? Describe the process. Discuss particular phrases or words. What were your options? Explain your choices. What problems did you encounter? How did you deal with these problems? What are your personal reflections about translation? • Presentation of oral report • classroom or conferences (e.g. Filipino as Global Language, San Diego)

11. Part III: The Translation Project Post-Translation (post-course activities) • Synchronization (for subtitling) • synchronize subtitles to video [Media Subtitler] • review and revision—accuracy, timing, overlapping of subtitles [Virtual Dub] • subtitle embedding [Virtual Dub] • video conversion to DVD [Ashampoo Burning Studio 9] • view film and revise as needed • Screening of Video (through Katipunan Sine, SEA movie night, classroom) • Translated texts—classroom discussions

12. Mumbaki (1996) Direction: Antonio Jose Perez Subtitles: Nikolas Bonifacio, Joseph Daoang, Francess Gagarin Synchronization: Jorge de Luna Andrada

13. Mumbaki (1996) Direction: Antonio Jose Perez Subtitles: Nikolas Bonifacio, Joseph Daoang, Francess Gagarin Synchronization: Jorge de Luna Andrada

14. excerpt from the final paper of Joseph Daoang, Nikolas Bonifacio and Francess Gagarin This elaborate Ifugao burial practice is performed to please the soul of their kin and also to satisfy the gods called baki. The age of the dead person, social status, and cause of death are also determinants of the burial method. In Ifugao, when a person of kadangyan rank dies of natural causes, the bodies are kept in the chair for as many as thirteen to fifteen days. And when a person is murdered, s/he is sometimes dressed in the same clothes s/he wore when s/he was killed.1 Women of the family take on the duties and responsibilities to shake the corpse continually, and shout words of vengeance and curses on the murderers, their families and relatives. 2 In Ilocos, women of the family, usually widows, are paid do a dung-aw (wailing, chanting, crying). 1 Tomas Andres, Understanding IfugaoValues (Quezon City: Giraffe Books, 2004), 72. 2 Mariano Dumia,TheIfugao World (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1979), 21.

15. excerpt from the final paper of Joseph Daoang, Nikolas Bonifacio and Francess Gagarin Translating this movie was indeed a great and unique way of learning about the Ifugao. Without this project, we would not have acquired this much information and knowledge about them. This was a really amazing way of enhancing our knowledge about the Philippines. Initially, our expectations for this project were simply to hone our translation skills and apply all the things we have discussed in class. However, by the time the project ended, we realize that we also gained new insights on the different complexities of both the English and Filipino language and the translation process itself.

16. Videoke King (2002) Direction: Jerry Lopez Sineneng Subtitles: Mary Rose dela Cruz and Laila Lagundino Synchronization: Jorge de Luna Andrada

17. Videoke King (2002) Direction: Jerry Lopez Sineneng Subtitles: Mary Rose dela Cruz and Laila Lagundino Synchronization: Jorge de Luna Andrada

18. That’s All / Yun Lang Music and Lyrics:Bob Haymes, Alan E. Brandt Tagalog Lyrics: Gary Granada, Pia Arboleda and Jorge de Luna Andrada I can only give you country walks in springtimeAnd a hand to hold when leaves begin to fallAnd a love whose burning lightWill warm the winter's nightThat's all, that's all Tanging alay ko’y kaakbay sa tag-init Sa taglagas, hawak na labis ng higpit At pagsuyong taimtim Na kumot mo sa taglamig Yun lang, yun lang

20. Two Friends, One World Author: Ramon C. Sunico Artist: Joanne de Leon Production and narration: Pia Arboleda

21. Two Friends, One World Author: Ramon C. Sunico Artist: Joanne de Leon Production and narration: Pia Arboleda

22. Sakay (1993) Director: Raymond Red Subtitles: Pia Arboleda and Jorge de Luna Andrada

23. Sakay Direction: Raymond Red Subtitles: Pia Arboleda and Jorge de Luna Andrada

24. setting of the movie, Sakay

25. worker in kalesa (horse carriage) shop

26. comedia, or moro-moro, a folk drama based on the battles between Christians and the Muslim Moro, the Philippines photo courtesy of Philippine Embassy

27. L to R: seated, Julian Montalan, Francisco Carreon, Macario Sakay, Leon Villafuerte; standing, Benito Natividad, Lucio de Vega source: Flores, Paul. "Macario Sakay: Tulisán or Patriot?" in Hector Santos, ed., Philippine Centennial Series; at http://www.bibingka.com/phg/sakay/. US, 24 August 1996.

28. Sakay’s vest with religious figures and Latin phrases. This was his anting-anting (amulet) believed to protect him from bullets and other hazards of war.

29. Further reading: Abad, Antonio K. General Macario L. Sakay: Was he a bandit or a patriot? Manila: J.B. Feliciano & Sons, 1955. Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A past revisited. Quezon City: Tala Publishing,1975. Ileto, Reynaldo C. Pasyon and revolution: Popular movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1979.

30. photo: Flickr.com, dhammza, 2005

31. Maraming salamat po! For questions or comments: pca62@hawaii.edu