1 / 20

Properties of Waves

Properties of Waves. Chapter 12 Section 3. What Is A Wave?. Ripple waves in water are formed by the vibrations of water molecules. As the vibration waves spread outward to more molecules, the waves travel outward. A wave is considered to be the motion of disturbance.

argus
Télécharger la présentation

Properties of Waves

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Properties of Waves Chapter 12 Section 3

  2. What Is A Wave? • Ripple waves in water are formed by the vibrations of water molecules. • As the vibration waves spread outward to more molecules, the waves travel outward. • A wave is considered to be the motion of disturbance. • Particles within the wave vibrate around and equilibrium position.

  3. Medium • Medium – Material through which a disturbance travels. • In order for a wave to form, it needs a medium which provides the particles that vibrate. • The medium does not travel with the wave • After the wave passes, the particles return to their equilibrium position. • Examples: • Sound: The medium is air • Ocean Waves: The medium is water

  4. Mechanical Waves • Mechanical Waves – A wave whose propagation requires the existence of a medium. • Not all wave propagation requires a medium • Electromagnetic waves

  5. Wave Types • Pulse Wave – A single non-periodic disturbance. • A wave that consist of a single traveling pulse. • Periodic Wave – A wave whose source is some form of periodic Motion. • A wave that consist of multiple traveling pulses.

  6. Sine Waves • If the source of the wave is in simple harmonic motion, then the wave mimics harmonic motion as well. • A wave that is vibrating in simple harmonic motion is called a sine wave. • A graph of a trigonometric function produces this curve when plotted. • y = sin x

  7. Transverse Wave • Transverse Wave – A wave whose particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. • The particles vibrate up and down as the wave moves from left to right or vise versa. • Examples: • Electromagnetic waves • Ocean waves • Wave traveling through a rope

  8. Graphing • Waveform – A waveform can represent either the displacements of each point of the wave at a single moment in time or the displacements of a single particle as time passes. • Trigonometric function of sine represents the wave.

  9. Graphing • The x-axis represents the equilibrium position of the wave. • The y-axis of the curve represents the displacement of each point on the wave at time (t).

  10. Describing a Wave • Crest – The highest point above the equilibrium position. • Trough – The lowest point below the equilibrium position. • Wavelength – The distance between two adjacent similar points of the wave, such as crest to crest or trough to trough. • Variable for wavelength – λ(Greek letter – Lamda) • Amplitude – The point at which the displacement is its maximum distance away from the equilibrium position.

  11. Transverse Wave Diagram y Wave Length λ Crest Amplitude Equilibrium Position Displacement x Amplitude Trough

  12. Longitudinal Waves • Longitudinal Waves – A wave whose particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion. • The particles vibrate in the same direction as the direction of the wave. • Often called density waves or pressure waves • Crest are high density • Trough are low density • Examples: • Sound Waves • Earthquakes

  13. Longitudinal Wave Diagram Stretched Compression Longitudinal Wave crest Density Equilibrium trough

  14. Transverse Waves vs. Longitudinal Waves • Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. • Light Waves • Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. • Sound Waves Link: • Transverse and Longitudinal Wave Animation

  15. Period and Frequency • Frequency describes the number of crest or troughs that pass a given point in a unit of time. • Period of a wave is the amount of time required for one complete vibration of particles or one wavelength.

  16. Speed of a Wave • The speed of a wave can be found through the waves frequency and wavelength. • The equation is derived through the linear kinematic equation for velocity.

  17. Speed of a Wave Equation • The speed of a mechanical wave remains constant for any given medium. • If the frequency increases, the wavelength must decrease. • Speed only changes if the medium changes.

  18. Example Problem • A 2640 Hz whistle produces sound waves that have a wavelength of 50.0 cm in water. What is the speed of sound in the water?

  19. Example Problem Answer • v = 1320 m/s

  20. Energy and Waves • The energy is transferred by the motion of the matter rather than by transferring matter itself. • Energy is transferred very efficiently in a wave. • Examples: • Tsunamis • Sound • Earthquake • Greater the amplitude, greater the energy

More Related