To Kill a Mockingbird Context and Introduction

1. To Kill a MockingbirdContext and Introduction

2. What do you think?? • All men are created equal. • Girls should act like girls. • It's okay to be different. • Nobody is all bad or all good. • Some words are so offensive that they should never be stated or written. • Under our justice system, all citizens are treated fairly in our courts of law. 7. The old adage, "Sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you," is true. 8. Speaking standard grammar proves that a person is smart. 9. A hero is born, not made. 10. No one is above the law. 11. Education is the great equalizer. 12. When the law does not succeed in punishing criminals, citizens should do so.

3. Nelle Harper Lee • Born April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama. • Her first and only novel To Kill a Mockingbird was published in 1960. • In 1960 she won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. • Lee continued to receive awards after the book’s publication. • In November of 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (the nation’s highest civilian award) for her contribution to American literature. http://www.charlesjshields.com/images/page/excerpt_photo02.jpg

4. Maycomb, AL bears a striking resemblance to Monroeville, AL. Lee was six years old at the start of the Scottsboro trial and Scout is six years old at the beginning of the Robinson trial. Similarities exist between the Robinson trial in the text and the Scottsboro trial of the 1930’s. Both trials involve black men wrongfully charged with raping white women. In both trials all white juries ignored evidence that would have exonerated the defendants. Historical Significance

5. Setting: Depression-eraMaycomb, Alabama • 1930’s – allusion to FDR in 1932: • “[Maycomb County] had recently been told it had nothing to fear but fear itself” (6).

6. Introduction to the Novel Exploring Symbols SYMBOL: …Be on the lookout for: Small-Town Life “Boo” Radley Mockingbirds / Birds A word or object that represents another word or object What do these symbols represent!?

7. The novel takes place during the mid-1930s at a time when the government was attempting to stop the Great Depression. The President at the time, Franklin Roosevelt, famously said, “the only thing to fear is fear itself” as his government created programs to create jobs, house the homeless and feed the starving. Background Information Even those with jobs were affected because nothing was being produced Average family income dropped to 50% by 1935 25% of population had no job Stock Market Crash caused people to lose billions. Entire banks were wiped out and by 1933 over 60% of population was considered poor GREAT DEPRESSION Hundreds of thousands lost homes, farms and possessions A period of extreme drought, poverty and hardships during the 1930s.

8. Background Information Although slavery was abolished in the 1890s racism and discrimination were alive and well during the time of the novel. Racism and Social Classes The novel is based on many historical facts that help to drive the story, (and allow the readers to explore a sad time in American history) including: Jim Crow Laws (1890s – 1960s) Scottsboro Trials (1931) Social Inequality (Forever)

9. Social Status The Finches Social Inequality White folks of Maycomb & Maycomb County The Ewell Family Tom Robinson Even the law was one-sided: Juries were always all-white and all-male. The word of a black man meant nothing against the word of a white man.

10. Introduction to the Novel About the Author To Kill A Mockingbird is semi-autobiographical for a number of reasons: Father was prominent lawyer Lee grew up in Alabama Experienced Great Depression, Scottsboro Trials “Scout” based on her life; “Dill” based on life of childhood friend Truman Capote

11. Explain each literary term using details given in the first chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird as evidence: ex: setting- where and when a story takes place. Maycomb, AL in the 1930’s. characterization tone protagonist allusion metaphor and simile imagery Reading Questions