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Wind Blown Dust Monitoring and Modeling at Owens Lake, CA

Wind Blown Dust Monitoring and Modeling at Owens Lake, CA. Duane Ono Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District July 2004 WRAP Dust Emissions Joint Forum Meeting Reno, Nevada. Dust ID Method based on Shao, et al., 1993. Dust ID Method. F a = K f x q

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Wind Blown Dust Monitoring and Modeling at Owens Lake, CA

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  1. Wind Blown Dust Monitoring and Modeling at Owens Lake, CA Duane Ono Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District July 2004 WRAP Dust Emissions Joint Forum Meeting Reno, Nevada

  2. Dust ID Methodbased on Shao, et al., 1993

  3. Dust ID Method Fa = Kf x q Fa = PM-10 emissions [g/cm2/hr] Kf = K-factor q = sand flux at 15 cm [g/cm2/hr]

  4. Owens Lake Dust ID Monitoring Network135 sand flux sites6 PM-10 TEOM sites13 10-m met towersUpper air profilerTime-lapse camera sitesDust observer sites

  5. Sand Flux Monitors Cox Sand Catcher - Collects saltation-size particles Sensit ™ - Electronically records sand flux.

  6. Sensits & Cox Sand Catcher

  7. Sensit Reading vs. Sand Catch

  8. PM-10 Monitors Sites

  9. K-factor Calculations Kf = Hourly K-factor Ki = Initial K-factor (5 x 10-5) Cobs.= Monitored hourly PM-10 Cbac.= Hourly background PM-10 Cmod.= Modeled PM-10 at monitor site

  10. Dust Storm at Owens Lake

  11. VISIBLE DUST PLUMES & SAND FLUXObserved dust plume locations corresponded to the hotspot areas identified by the sand flux monitoring network.Example Storm: Feb. 6-8, 2001(52 hour total)

  12. PM-10 concentrations and sand flux were monitored for 30 months at Owens Lake.

  13. Hourly & Storm Average Kf for the South Area

  14. Period Keeler Dunes North Area Central Area South Area 1/1/00-2/3/01 5.1 2.1 6.6 1.9 2/4/01-4/18/01 5.1 2.1 26.0 6.7 4/19/01-11/30/01 5.1 2.1 6.3 1.9 12/1/01-3/8/02 20.0 7.6 36.0 5.8 3/9/02-4/18/02 5.5 5.0 6.9 9.0 4/19/02-6/30/02 5.5 5.0 6.6 1.8 Temporal & Spatial K-factors

  15. Univ. of Guelph Wind Tunnel

  16. Wind Tunnel on Keeler Dunes

  17. Dust ID Period Area Wind Tunnel Dust ID 1/1/00 - 2/3/01 North Area 2.3 x 10-5 1.8 x 10-5 1/1/00 – 2/3/01 Keeler Dunes 1.3 x 10-5 3.5 x 10-5 2/4/01 - 4/18/01 Central Area 9.7 x 10-5 24.1 x 10-5 2/4/01 - 4/18/01 South Area 6.6 x 10-5 5.9 x 10-5 4/19/01 - 11/30/01 Central Area 16.0 x 10-5 5.7 x 10-5 4/19/01 - 11/30/01 South Area 3.1 x 10-5 2.0 x 10-5 Comparison of Wind Tunnel & Dust ID K-factors

  18. CALPUFF Options Predicted PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3) for May 02, 2001, Hour 0800-0900 • Model Options • Reg. defaults including Pasquill-Gifford curves • Plume depletion based on local size distribution measurements • Example Simulation • May 2-3, 2001 • Storm Average Kf • Background of 20 µg/m3

  19. Comparison of Hourly Monitored and Modeled PM-10 at Shell Cut, May 2-3, 2001

  20. Daily PM-10 Emissions

  21. Owens LakePM-10 Emissions Peak Daily PM-10 = 7,200 tons Annual PM-10 = 79,200 tons Dust ID Period: July 2000 - June 2001.

  22. Conclusions • PM-10 emissions can be estimated using sand flux measurements and K-factors. • K-factors can be derived empirically by comparing monitored PM-10 concentrations to model predictions. • Average K-factors were found to vary spatially and temporally at Owens Lake.

  23. Comparison of PM-10 Emissions vs. Wind SpeedFor Big and Medium Size Dust Storms Using the Dust ID Method and Alfaro & Gomes Model

  24. Comparison of Storm Total PM-10 Emissions for the Keeler Dunes

  25. For more information contact: Duane Ono Great Basin Unified APCD 157 Short Street Bishop, California 93514 (760) 872-8211 duaneono@yahoo.com

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