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Components of the Climate System

Components of the Climate System. Atmosphere Ocean. Biosphere Geosphere. Image from NASA. Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation. Atmospheric Circulation Depends on density Ocean Surface Circulation Depends on the wind Deep Ocean Circulation Depends on density.

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Components of the Climate System

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  1. Components of the Climate System • Atmosphere • Ocean • Biosphere • Geosphere Image from NASA

  2. Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation • Atmospheric Circulation • Depends on density • Ocean Surface Circulation • Depends on the wind • Deep Ocean Circulation • Depends on density

  3. Why is Ocean Circulation Important? • Transport ~ 20% of latitudinal heat • Equator to poles • Transport nutrients and organisms • Influences weather and climate • Influences commerce

  4. Temperature Structure of Ocean thermocline

  5. Ocean Circulation

  6. Wind driven surface currents Wind-drive ocean surface currents • How fast? A few miles/hr (Gulf Stream off of Miami = 4.5 mph) • How much?Total water in ocean surface circulation = about 100 Amazon Rivers (20 million m3/s).

  7. Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation • Atmospheric Circulation • Depends on density • Ocean Surface Circulation • Depends on the wind • Deep Ocean Circulation • Depends on density

  8. Sea Surface Temperature http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/sst_march.gif

  9. Ocean Salinity • http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/sal_march.gif • http://ingrid.ldgo.columbia.edu/

  10. Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram

  11. Thermohaline Circulation North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW 15 million m3 of near surface water descend into the deep ocean each second.

  12. Thermohaline Circulation - The Ocean Conveyor

  13. Equatorial to polar heat transport and water flow

  14. Ocean – Atmosphere Circulation

  15. BUT – Outgoing solar radiation is not as uneven UNEQUAL HEATING OF EARTH

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