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JSRCC Automotive Safety. Environmental and Hazardous Materials. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT. The U.S Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970.
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JSRCC Automotive Safety Environmental and Hazardous Materials.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT • The U.S Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. • Since approximately 25% of workers are exposed to health and safety hazards on the job, the standards are necessary to monitor, control, and educate workers regarding health and safety in the workplace.
HAZARDOUS WASTE • Hazardous waste materials are chemicals, or components, that the shop no longer needs that pose a danger to the environment and people if they are disposed of in ordinary garbage cans or sewers.
HAZARDOUS WASTE • The EPA considers waste hazardous if it is included on the EPA list of hazardous materials, or it has one or more of the following characteristics. • Reactive • Corrosive • Toxic • Ignitable • Radioactive
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) • Federal and state laws control the disposal of hazardous waste materials. • The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) states that hazardous material users are responsible for hazardous materials from the time they become a waste until the proper waste disposal is completed.
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) • The RCRA controls these types of automotive waste: • Paint and body repair products waste • Solvents for parts and equipment cleaning • Batteries and battery acid • Mild acids used for metal cleaning and preparation • Waste oil, and engine coolants or antifreeze • Air-conditioning refrigerants and oils • Engine oil filters
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) • The right-to-know laws state that employees have a right to know when the materials they use at work are hazardous. • The right-to-know laws started with the Hazard Communication Standard published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1983.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS • All hazardous materials must be properly labeled, and information about each hazardous material must be posted on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) available from the manufacturer. • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) should be readily available for use by anyone in the area who may come into contact with hazardous materials.
CLEAN AIR ACT • Air-conditioning (A/C) systems and refrigerant are regulated by the Clean Air Act (CAA), Title VI, Section 609. • Refrigerants must not be released or vented into the atmosphere. • Used refrigerants must be recovered/recycled.
AIR-CONDITIONING REFRIGERANT OIL DISPOSAL • Air-conditioning refrigerant oil contains dissolved refrigerant and is therefore considered to be hazardous waste. • This oil must be kept separate from other waste oil or the entire amount of oil must be treated as hazardous. FIGURE 2-9 Air-conditioning refrigerant oil must be kept separate from other oils because it contains traces of refrigerant and must be treated as hazardous waste.
REMOVE COMPONENTS THAT CONTAIN MERCURY • Some vehicles have a placard near the driver’s side door that lists the components that contain mercury, a heavy metal. • In this illustration a placard near driver’s door lists the devices in the vehicle that contain mercury.
THE DANGERS OF EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS • Asbestos exposure can cause scar tissue to form in the lungs. • This condition is called asbestosis. It gradually causes increasing shortness of breath, and the scarring to the lungs is permanent. • Now, asbestos is also considered a carcinogen and is linked to the lung cancer called mesothelioma. • New cars sold in the United States no longer use asbestos at all HOWEVER: • Older cars and parts manufactured overseas may still contain asbestos!
ASBESTOS OSHA STANDARDS • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established three levels of asbestos exposure. • Any vehicle service establishment that does either brake or clutch work must limit employee exposure to asbestos to less than 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter (cc) as determined by an air sample.
ASBESTOS EPA REGULATIONS • The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established procedures for the removal and disposal of asbestos. • The EPA procedures require that products containing asbestos be “wetted” to prevent the asbestos fibers from becoming airborne.
ASBESTOS HANDLING GUIDELINES • The air in the shop area can be tested by a testing laboratory, but this can be expensive. • Tests have determined that asbestos levels can easily be kept below the recommended levels by using a solvent or a special vacuum. • HEPA Vacuum • Solvent Spray • Disposal of Brake Dust and Brake Shoes
USED BRAKE FLUID • Most brake fluid is made from polyglycol, is water soluble, and can be considered hazardous if it has absorbed metals from the brake system.
USED OIL • Used oil is any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been used. • During normal use, impurities such as dirt, metal scrapings, water, or chemicals can get mixed in with the oil.
DISPOSAL OF USED OIL • Once oil has been used, it can be collected, recycled, and used over and over again. • After collecting used oil in an appropriate container (e.g., a 55-gallon steel drum), the material must be disposed of in one of two ways: • Shipped offsite for recycling • Burned in an onsite or offsite EPA-approved heater for energy recovery • There are 140000 BTUs in a gallon of used engine oil.
USED OIL STORAGE • Used oil must be stored in compliance with an existing underground storage tank (UST) or an aboveground storage tank (AGST) standard, or kept in separate containers. • Keep Used Oil Storage Drums in Good Condition • Never Store Used Oil in Anything Other Than Tanks and Storage Containers • Used Oil Filter Disposal Regulations
Breathing Safety Take precautions against breathing: • Paint fumes. • Asbestos. • Cleaning chemicals. • Grinding dust. • Vehicle exhaust.
SOLVENTSSources of Chemical Poisoning • The major sources of chemical danger are liquid and aerosol brake cleaning fluids that contain chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. • The health hazards presented by brake cleaning solvents occur from three different forms of exposure: ingestion, inhalation, and physical contact.
SOLVENTSEffects of Chemical Poisoning • The effects of exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon and other types of solvents can take many forms. • Short-term exposure at low levels can cause headache, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, lack of coordination, or unconsciousness.
SOLVENTSHealth Care Rights • Any person who feels there might be unsafe conditions where he or she works, whether asbestos exposure, chemical poisoning, or any other problem, should discuss the issue with fellow workers, union representatives (where applicable), and his or her supervisor or employer. • If no action is taken and there is reason to believe the employer is not complying with OSHA standards, a complaint can be filed with OSHA and it will investigated.
HAND SAFETY • Service technicians should wash their hands with soap and water after handling engine oil or differential or transmission fluids, or wear protective rubber gloves.
USED SOLVENTS • Used or spent solvents are liquid materials that have been generated as waste and may contain xylene, methanol, ethyl ether, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK).
All solvents and other hazardous waste should be disposed of properly. USED SOLVENTS
COOLANT DISPOSAL • Coolant is a mixture of antifreeze and water. • New antifreeze is not considered to be hazardous even though it can cause death if ingested. • Used antifreeze coolant should be kept separate and stored in a leak-proof container until it can be recycled or disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.
LEAD–ACID BATTERYWASTE • About 70 million spent lead–acid batteries are generated each year in the United States alone. • Lead is classified as a toxic metal and the acid used in lead–acid batteries is highly corrosive.
BATTERY HAZARDOUS AND REGULATORY STATUS • Used lead–acid batteries must be reclaimed or recycled in order to be exempt from hazardous waste regulations. • Leaking batteries must be stored and transported as hazardous waste.
BATTERY HANDLING AND STORAGE • Batteries, whether new or used, should be kept indoors if possible. • The storage location should be an area specifically designated for battery storage and must be well ventilated (to the outside).
Gasoline (1 of 2) • One exploding gallon of gasoline has the power of 14 sticks of dynamite! • Avoid sparks whenever gasoline vapors are present. • Store gasoline in approved containers only.
Gasoline (2 of 2) • Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent. • Very volatile. • Cleaning solvents have a much lower flash point. • Do not attempt to “prime” an engine with gasoline while trying to start. • A spark could cause an engine fire! • Hydraulic lock could occur in one or more of the engine’s cylinders.
FUEL SAFETY AND STORAGE • Place gasoline storage containers in a well-ventilated space. • Do not fill gasoline containers all the way to the top.
USED TIRE DISPOSAL • Used tires are an environmental concern for several reasons, including the following: • In a landfill, they tend to “float” up through the other trash and rise to the surface. • The inside of tires traps and holds rainwater, which is a breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Used tires present a fire hazard and, when burned, create a large amount of black smoke that contaminates the air. • Used tires should be disposed of in one of the following ways: • Used tires can be reused until the end of their useful life. • Tires can be retreaded. • Tires can be recycled or shredded for use in asphalt. • Derimmed tires can be sent to a landfill. • Tires can be burned in cement kilns or other power plants where the smoke can be controlled. • A registered scrap tire handler should be used to transport tires for disposal or recycling.
WHAT EVERY TECHNICIAN SHOULD KNOW FIGURE 2-11 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Hazardous Materials Identification Guide is a standardized listing of the hazards and the protective equipment needed.
SUMMARY • Hazardous materials include common automotive chemicals, liquids, and lubricants, especially those whose ingredients contain chloror fluorin their name. • Right-to-know laws require that all workers have access to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). • Asbestos fibers should be avoided and removed according to current laws and regulations. • Used engine oil contains metals worn from parts and should be handled and disposed of properly. • Solvents represent a serious health risk and should be avoided as much as possible. • Coolant should be recycled. • Batteries are considered to be hazardous waste and should be discarded to a recycling facility.
