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Authoritarian States

Authoritarian States. 1. Conservative Authoritarianism. Anti-democratic Believed in avoiding change Limited in power Conservative authoritarianism alive in Eastern Europe, Spain and Portugal no tradition of self-government torn by ethnic conflict

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Authoritarian States

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  1. Authoritarian States

  2. 1. Conservative Authoritarianism • Anti-democratic • Believed in avoiding change • Limited in power • Conservative authoritarianism alive in Eastern Europe, Spain and Portugal • no tradition of self-government • torn by ethnic conflict • the rich and the church needed help from dictators

  3. Radical Totalitarian Dictators • Appear in Soviet Union-Germany-Italy • Soviet Union- Lenin/Stalin • Germany-Hitler • Italy-Mussolini • Leaders wanted: • conflict power to the state worship of violence • Leaders did not want: • liberal values economic freedom large middle class

  4. 2. The Political Spectrum • Soviet Union Nazi Germany • left right • Seized private property allowed private property • Crushed middle class kept middle class • For working class for capitalist • Communism Fascism

  5. Stalin’s Soviet Union

  6. 3. The Early Years • 1921- Russian economy ruined • Lenin’s New Economic Policy gives peasants economic freedom • Agriculture and Manufacturing sectors grow • 4-1924- Lenin dies and Stalin takes power from Trotsky • Trotsky wanted world wide revolution • Stalin wanted “socialism in one country”

  7. 5. Five Year Plans • Stalin declares economic war on kulaks ( rich peasants ) • Stalin “collectivizes” peasant lands • State owns all land 6. Stalin establishes master plans for heavy industry to be carried out in 5 year increments • manufacturing improves dramatically • poor harvests result in famines • workers suffer low standards of living

  8. 6. Life under Stalin • Education stressed-skilled elite emerge • Women gain equality at a price • divorce and abortion made easier • women urged to work outside home • all professions open to women • women must work to support families • Previous art replaced by state forms • History rewritten • Religion persecuted

  9. 7. The Great Purges • Stalin purges ( to rid ) old party faithful • People charged with crimes against state are tried in large show trials and “confess” • 8 killed or sent to work camps • Hysteria grips country • New, younger converts educated in technical schools take power under Stalin

  10. Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

  11. 8. Mussolini takes power • Catholics, conservatives and landowners resist democracy • Wartime reforms not delivered to workers • Italy upset with war settlement • Russian revolution inspires socialists • Mussolini’s fascists ( The Black Shirts ) uses violence against socialists • Mussolini forces king to name him head of government with march on Rome

  12. 9. Mussolini in Action • Fascists fix elections and kill socialist leader- Matteoti • Mussolini builds a fascist one party Italy but not a totalitarian state • conservatives still control army, economy and state • Church supports Mussolini • Women suppressed • Jews left alone

  13. Hitler and Nazism in Germany

  14. 10. Roots of Nazism • Nationalism • Germans needed “living space” • Capitalism and liberalism = excessive individualism • Jews and Marxists lost the war for Germany • Germans are a superior race-Darwinist • Need for a strong leader

  15. Warm Up 3-19 Where do these two posters come from? What are each one about?

  16. COVER PAGE OF GERMAN EDITIONS OF MEIN KAMPF WRITTEN IN 1924 WHILE HITLER WAS IMPRISONED FOR STAGING A REVOLT

  17. NAZI PROPAGANDA DEPICTING THE IDEAL ARYAN MEMBER OF THE MASTER RACE NAZI PROPAGANDA DEPICTING THE IDEAL GERMAN ARYAN

  18. EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTISEMITISM FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

  19. TREATY OF VERSAILLES, EUROPE 1914 1919

  20. TREATY OF VERSAILLES, GERMANY

  21. 11. Hitler’s route to power • Veteran of WWI • Begins German Workers Party • Jailed after failed attempt to overthrow Weimar Republic • Writes Mein Kampf • 1924-1929 forms National Socialist German Workers Party ( Nazi Party ) and takes advantage of depression to build party • 1932- Nazis become largest party in Germany • 1933- Hitler named chancellor of Germany when socialists and communists split coalition

  22. Hitler entrenches • Reichstag ( German legislature ) Building fire blamed on Communists • Hitler outlaws Communist Party and pushes through the Enabling Act • His SS troops murder old Nazi thugs and thus gains control of military • Secret police ( gestapo ) purges opponents • Nuremberg laws deprives Jews of citizenships • Kristallnacht is night of violence against Jews

  23. 12.How did Hitler keep power? • Propaganda • Fiery speeches • Involvement of Youth • Control of all sectors of life, culture • Higher standard of living • Greater opportunity • Nationalism

  24. KRISTALLNACHT: HITLER BEGINS HIS EXTERMINATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE JEWS

  25. VOLKSWAGEN: A CAR FOR ALMOST EVERY GERMAN FAMILY

  26. Nazi expansion and W.W. II

  27. 13. Nazi Aggression • Hitler tells Europe he wants to overturn Versailles treaty using “legal means” • 1933-Withdraws from League of Nations • 1935-establishes draft • 1936 -occupies demilitarized zone of the Rhineland

  28. German Aggression • Aggression • Reoccupied the Rhineland, 1936 • Allied with Italy & Japan (Comintern Pact) • Declared the Anschluss – annexed Austria unopposed

  29. 14. European Appeasement • British sign naval pact with Germans • French do not resist Rhineland occupation by Germans • British feel guilty over Versailles Treaty • No one wants another world war • Many feel German demands to be “sensible” • Germans seen as a buffer against communism

  30. Warm Up 3-25 • How was the US an appeaser?

  31. GERMANY, 1933

  32. FEAR OF COMMUNISM

  33. HORRORS OF WWI

  34. 15. Final Moves before WWII • 1935-Italy attacks Ethiopia • Italy joins Germany in backing fascists in Spain • 1938-Hitler annexes Austria and demands part of Czechoslovakia • British cave in to German demands • Hitler occupies all of Czechoslovakia • 1939-Germany and Russia sign non-aggression pact • Germany invades Poland • Britain and France declare war on Germany-1939

  35. HAILE SELLASSIE: EMPEROR OF ETHIOPIA “SHOULD IT HAPPEN THAT A STRONG GOVERNMENT FINDS IT MAY WITH IMPUNITY DESTROY A WEAK PEOPLE, THEN THE HOUR STRIKES FOR THAT WEAK PEOPLE TO APPEAL TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO GIVE ITS JUDGMENT IN ALL FREEDOM.” SELLASSIE PLEADS FOR HELP FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1936

  36. TESTING GROUND, THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: 1936 - 1939

  37. Nazi-Soviet N.A. Pact • 1939 • Public implications • Private agreement • Allignment • Division of Poland and Eastern Europe

  38. HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939

  39. THE POLISH ARMY WAS NO MATCH FOR THE GERMANS

  40. 16. The Early War Years • Germans use blitzkrieg ( speed and force) to gain early victories • Poland and France defeated early • Bombing of Britain begins • Germany turns towards Russia in 1941 but stopped by winter • After Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Hitler declares war on the U.S.

  41. MAGINOT LINE

  42. Blitzkrieg – Spring 1940 • Previously • Austria • Sudentenland • Czechoslovakia • Poland • “Lightening War” • Norway • Denmark • Netherlands • Belgium • Luxembourg • France!!! • All in under 10 weeks

  43. TOOLS OF THE BLITZKRIEG

  44. CUTAWAY VIEW OF THE MAGINOT LINE

  45. Dunkirk • Surrender or Retreat by Sea • British RAF tried to keep the skies clear • Every available ship or boat in Southern England transported trapped soldiers • From May 26-June 4, 338,000 soldiers were transferred

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