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NEUTRINOS AT HOMESTAKE PAST & FUTURE

NEUTRINOS AT HOMESTAKE PAST & FUTURE. K ENNETH L ANDE U NIVERSITY OF P ENNSYLVANIA P IERRE, S.D . J ANUARY 20, 2004. Detector At Homestake One million tons of water. Enhanced AGS MillionWatt Proton Beam. Neutrino flight path – 2540 km. History of the Problem.

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NEUTRINOS AT HOMESTAKE PAST & FUTURE

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  1. NEUTRINOS AT HOMESTAKEPAST & FUTURE KENNETH LANDE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PIERRE, S.D. JANUARY 20, 2004 Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  2. Detector At Homestake One million tons of water • Enhanced AGS • MillionWatt • Proton Beam Neutrino flight path – 2540 km Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  3. History of the Problem 1859- Charles Darwin-published “Origin of Species” 1862- Kelvin challenged Darwin since the time required for biological evolution exceeded the gravitational lifetime of the Sun P.E.(Sun) = GM2 /R and Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  4. History of the Neutrino Program at the Homestake Mine • In 1962, Raymond Davis first looked for neutrinos from the Sun with a small detector, about 1000 gallons, in the 2300 ft deep Barberton Mine in Ohio. The background was enormous. • Brookhaven and the Bureau of Mines looked for a much deeper location – Homestake was the best choice in 1964, • IT STILL IS Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

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  7. Results of the Homestake Solar Neutrino Experiment • Observed neutrinos from the center of the Sun – proved Sun is a fusion reactor • The observed neutrino intensity was 1/3 of that expected – implied that 2/3 of the neutrinos produced in the Sun changed into other types of neutrinos during their flight from the Sun to the Earth • Started the field of Neutrino Astrophysics Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  8. The Next Detector – Kamioka, Japan • A 50,000 ton water detector at a depth of about 2500 ft. [Koshiba from Kamiokande & Davis from Homestake shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics]- • Each of the ten 100,000 ton Homestake modules will be similar Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  9. The Next Step • Use an accelerator to produce a neutrino beam of known intensity, known composition and known energy • Establish a long range (2500 km) neutrino beam through the Earth • Requires a very intense beam (a million watts of protons) and a very large detector (a million tons) Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  10. At Brookhaven the beam aims 11.4o into the Earth – goes under the northern U.S. and surfaces at Homestake Each of the 10 Homestake modules is the height of a 20 story building and the ½ the length of a football field Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  11. MEGATON MODULAR MULTI-PURPOSE DETECTOR  Modular Configuration Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D. Mark A. Laurenti March 2002

  12. MEGATON MODULAR MULTI-PURPOSE DETECTOR  Modular Configuration 6950 Level Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D. Mark A. Laurenti March 2002

  13. ExpectedObservations:Directly observe the transformation of neutrinos from one species to anotherLook for bursts of neutrinos from supernova in our Galaxy & in adjacent galaxiesSearch for proton decay to 1035 years lifetime Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

  14. Scientific Goals Differences in the rate of species transformation of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos may explain how an equal mixture of matter and anti-matter in the early Universe became the all matter world in which we live Detection of proton decay will tell us about the ultimate fate of matter Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D. Pierre Jan. 20, 2004

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  16. Other Possible Results • There is also the possibility of a “matter effect” which produces a change of neutrino type proportional to the amount of matter passed through. This effect, if observed, could lead to a new tool for the investigation of the interior of the Earth, • Neutrino Tomography Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

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  18. Waterproof Liner Precast Liners 60 ft Cable Bolts 4 Bottom Cuts Shotcrete 1ft MEGATON MODULAR MULTI-PURPOSE DETECTOR Year Four  Estimated Timeline 6950 7100 Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D. Mark A. Laurenti March 2002

  19. Cosmic ray flux at depth of 3M Detector = 0.2 muons/m2, day Each 100 kT module has an area of 2000 m2 and thus 800 muons/day Assuming a neutrino pulse width of one microsecond/sec gives 1 cosmic ray events per yearin the 10 module Megaton detector during the AGS neutrino pulses Kenneth Lande - Pierre, S.D.

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