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Men who have sex with men

This report provides population size estimates, HIV prevalence, and risk behavior data among men who have sex with men (MSM). It highlights the vulnerability of MSM and the importance of HIV prevention efforts. The report also discusses the prevalence of HIV among transgender individuals, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and their clients. The data is based on reports from various sources, including global AIDS monitoring and estimation reports.

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Men who have sex with men

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  1. Men who have sex with men Last updated: December 2018

  2. CONTENT Population size estimates HIV prevalence and epidemiology Risk behaviors Vulnerability and HIV knowledge HIV expenditure National response

  3. Population size estimates

  4. Men who have sex with men size estimates Source: Global AIDS Monitoring reporting 2016 to 2018, China 2013 HIV estimation, and United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision

  5. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

  6. Transgender Men who have sex with men People who inject drugs Rest of population Sex workers Clients of sex workers and partners of key populations 84% of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific are concentrated among key populations and their sexual partners 84% Distribution of new HIV infections by population, 2017 of new HIV infections among key populations and their partners Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS (2018). Miles To Go: Closing Gaps, Breaking Barriers, Righting Injustices

  7. New HIV infections will escalate if we continue “business as usual” Philippines Malaysia Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on AIDS Epidemic Modelling submitted for the HIV estimates 2018

  8. Select geographical locations where HIV prevalence is higher than 5% among MSM, 2013-2017 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; Lan, W., et al. (2012). HIV Prevalence and Influencing Factors Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance among Men who have Sex with Men in China, 2003-2011 and Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Intensifying HIV response among MSMs with city-approach in Chengdu city, China.; Global ADIS Response Progress Reporting 2016; Global AIDS Monitoring 2017 and 2018

  9. High and/or rising HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in cities, 2007-2017 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; GARPR Reporting and Global AIDS Monitoring

  10. HIV prevalence among MSM by region, latest available year, 2011-2017 * Capital region/city, ++4 provinces, +++ 3 cities (Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and Phuket) Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; 2. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; 3.Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and 4.Global AIDS Monitoring

  11. Active syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men, 2011-2018 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Reports; 2) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Reports; and 3) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

  12. Risk behaviours

  13. Proportion of MSM who reported condom use at last anal sex with male partner, 2014-2017 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org; Global AIDS Response Progress Reportingand Global AIDS Monitoring

  14. Prevention gap: consistent condom use is less than 60% in many countries where data is available Consistent condom use among men who have sex with men, 2011-2018 90% • * casual (non-transactional)male partners; ** when bought sex Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports; Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys; HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

  15. Condom use at last anal sex and consistent use among MSM, 2010-2018 * with commercial/paid male partners; ** casual male partners Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012; Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys; and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

  16. Proportion of surveyed MSM who sold sex to men, 2011-2018 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and BehaviouralSurveillance Surveys

  17. Proportion of MSM who reported buying sex from male and female, 2009-2016 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

  18. Proportion of MSM reported consistent condom with male commercial partners in the last month, 2013 - 2017 HCMC = Ho Chi Minh City Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

  19. Proportion of MSM reported consistent condom use with non-commercial/casual partners, 2010-2018 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys, and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys; 2) Chan, R., Chio, M., Lim, S., Poh, K., Tan, A., Loh, B., & Foong, J. (2013). Outreach HIV Testing Project in Venues Frequented by Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) – August 2013 – October 2013; 3) Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., et al. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-Based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: AIDS Task Force of Fiji

  20. Proportion of MSM who had sex with female partners in the last year, 2009 - 2018 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; and 3. Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., et al. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-Based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: AIDS Task Force of Fiji.

  21. Proportion of MSM who inject drugs, 2012-2018 * Capital city Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and 2. Behavioural Surveillance Surveys

  22. Prevailing stigma, discrimination and violence against MSM Physical violence Sexual violence Stigma and mental health * Experienced violence or rape in the last year Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Integrated Behavioral and Surveillance Surveys

  23. Proportion of MSM who had been raped/forced to have sex in the last 12 months, 2010-2018 • *Last 6 months; ** ever experienced forced sex/rape • PNG is mixed sample of MSM and TG Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys ; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

  24. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

  25. Proportion of MSM with comprehensive HIV knowledge, by age group, countries where data is available, 2008-2016 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys ; 2. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys and 3) UNGASS and Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

  26. HIV expenditure

  27. Mismatch in investments: too little has been spent for MSM prevention programme where big chunk of new infections are occurring among MSM Proportion of MSM among Adult (15+) new HIV infections Spending on MSM HIV prevention programme out of total AIDS spending 6% 15% Bangladesh 21% 4% Nepal 81% 3% Philippines New HIV infections among MSM Spending on MSM prevention programme Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and Country submitted AEM-Spectrum files for GARPR 2016 reporting

  28. Key populations account for 60-90% of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific countries but only a third was spent for key populations HIV prevention programme Proportion of prevention spending among key populations in Asia and the Pacific region 35% 19% 10% 6% of total prevention spending 15 countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Palau, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Island, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on GARPR reporting

  29. Prevention spending on key populations is heavily dependent on international financing sources Distribution of prevention spending by financing source in Asia and the Pacific, latest available year, 2009-2014 Spending by service category is not available for India and China Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

  30. Proportion of AIDS spending by major spending category, Asia and the Pacific, 2009-2013 AIDS spending breakdown is not available for China and India Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org

  31. Proportion of prevention spending by category, 2009-2013 General prevention and others Youth Prevention mother-to-child People who inject drugs Sex workers and their clients Men who have sex with men Note: Data from latest available year. China and India did not report prevention spending breakdown. Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org

  32. Proportion of MSM prevention spending from domestic public sources is still very low Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org

  33. Trends in proportion of spending on MSM prevention programmes out of total prevention spending, countries with >5% HIV prevalence among MSM in national estimates from surveys Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org

  34. Spending on HIV prevention programmes focused on MSM, 2009-2013 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org

  35. National response

  36. HIV testing response gap to reach Fast-Track target: less than half of men who have sex with men know their HIV status HIV testing coverage among men who have sex with men, 2014-2017 90% • *Dhaka and Hili; ** Programme data Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on www.aidsinfoonline.org ; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and Global AIDS Monitoring

  37. Proportion of MSM reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2015-2017 Definition of reach: In the past three months, MSM reported receiving two or more of the prevention interventions listed below - • Given condoms and lubricants • Received counselling on condom use and safe sex • Tested for sexually transmitted infections Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Global AIDS Monitoring Reporting 2017 and 2018

  38. Criminalisation of same-sex sexual activities between consenting adult males in South-East Asia and the Pacific countries Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014 *Federated States of Micronesia

  39. Criminalisation of same-sex sexual activities between consenting adult males in South Asia and East Asia countries Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

  40. THANK YOU slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge www.aidsdatahub.org if slides are lifted directly from this site

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