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Ecology

Ecology. By Ashley Olsen. What is ecology?. Ecology is t he study of the relationship between the environment and living organism T heir interactions . What are individual organisms?. Individual organisms are the smallest unit that an ecologist would concern themselves with.

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology By Ashley Olsen

  2. What is ecology? • Ecology is the study of the relationship between the environment and living organism • Their interactions

  3. What are individual organisms? • Individual organisms are the smallest unit that an ecologist would concern themselves with

  4. What are species? • Species are the same organisms (as a group) that live in the same location at the same time. • They are capable of breeding and producing fertile young

  5. What are populations? • Agroup of species • They may or may not interact with one another • These populations make up a community

  6. What are communities? • They are a group of all the populations interacting with each other

  7. What are ecosystems? • Ecosystems are a group of habitats • When you put different habitats together, you get ecosystems

  8. What is a biosphere? • A biosphere is all of the places on Earth and where the atmosphere/oceans/caves etc. where life exists

  9. What is a habitat? • A habitat is where all of the biotic interact with the abiotic features

  10. What are abiotic factors? • Abiotic factors are non-living factors in the environment

  11. What is the First Tropic Level/ Producers in the food pyramid? • The first level is equal to something taking a step up in the pyramid • There is the most energy that comes from the sun

  12. What is the Second Tropic Level/ Primary Consumers in the food pyramid? • The second level is the first level of consumers • A consumer = a heterotroph • Herbivores

  13. What is the Third Tropic Level/Secondary Consumers in the food pyramid? • A heterotroph • Carnivores and/ or omnivores • Consume the primary consumers and maybe the producers

  14. What is the Fourth Tropic Level/Tertiary Consumer in the food pyramid? • The top of the pyramid • Third level consumer but its on the fourth level • Carnivores or omnivores that consume primary consumer and things below them

  15. What is the Fifth Tropic Level/Quandary Consumer • The Fifth Tropic level is when you rarely get a Fourth level consumer • This level doesn’t have enough energy to supply them • In this level there is .1 calories of energy

  16. What is the Flow of Energy in a Tropic Level? • A you go down in the pyramid, the amount of food required for you to consume gets larger and larger • It is impossible to supply if there are large quantities at the top of the pyramid

  17. What is the difference between a food pyramid and a food web? • Food Pyramid: It may talk about different types of animals and plants or it may talk about one type. • Food Web: It talks about many types of animals and plants

  18. What is a decomposer? • A decomposer is an organism that breaks down dead animals and recycles the material back into the environment

  19. What is an autotroph (photosynthesis)? • An autotroph is an organism that is capable of making its own food • Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight = Glucose + Oxygen

  20. What is a heterotroph? • A heterotroph is an organism that is not able to make it’s own food and it gets its nutrients from other sources

  21. What is an herbivore? • An herbivore is an organism that only eats plants

  22. What is a carnivore? • A carnivore is an organism that only eats meat

  23. What is an omnivore? • An omnivore is a organism that eats both meats and plants; eats everything

  24. What is a saprobe? • A saprobe is a form of decomposers, like bacteria, that help to recycle materials back into the environment

  25. What is a scavenger? • A scavenger is something that can eat dead things

  26. What is carry capacity? • This is the amount of individuals in a species that an amount of land can support

  27. What are limiting factors? • Limiting factors have access to resources. • These resources are food, water, shelter and money

  28. What is density dependent? • Food is density dependent • The more people you have, the less food you will have • They are all affected by population

  29. What is density independent? • Density independent is when everyone is equally affected no matter how many individuals there are

  30. What is the competition between and among species? • Between – food, shelter and water • Within the same species – food, shelter, water and mates

  31. What is symbiosis? • Symbiosis is the way two or more organisms interact with each other

  32. What is competition? • Competition is an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another.

  33. What is mutualism? • Mutualism has an equal relationship • Both organisms benefit from this, no organisms are harmed

  34. What is parasitism? • Parasitism is when one animal benefits (the parasite) and one organism is harmed (the host) • They do not want to kill the host, they want to make it as sick as possible • If the host dies, the parasite will most likely die

  35. What is commensalism? • Commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits nor harmed

  36. What is the predator/prey? • A predator is the one who hunts • The prey is the one that is hunted • The predator population lags behind the prey in numbers • The prey population is lower

  37. What is amensalism? • Amensalism is when One organism benefits and completely destroys/kills the other organism

  38. What is the J-curve? • Tend to be small • To produce a lot of young • They reach sexual maturity at an early age • They have little or no parental evolvement • This is affected by the environment

  39. What is the S-curve? • Tend to be large • Produce only a few young • Reach sexual maturity later • They have a lot of parental care • The environment is a very important factor in their life

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