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Zoology What’s an Animal? Read Chap 28

Zoology What’s an Animal? Read Chap 28. Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html. Animals. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone). Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods. Animals. Vertebrates- Animals with backbones. Fish Amphibians

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Zoology What’s an Animal? Read Chap 28

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  1. Zoology What’s an Animal?Read Chap 28 Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

  2. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) PoriferaCnidaria Worms Mollusks EchinodermsArthropods

  3. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones FishAmphibians Reptiles BirdsMammals

  4. Characteristics of ALL Animals: EUKARYOTES • Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

  5. Characteristics of ALL Animals: MOVE 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger • Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) DNA REPRODUCE NO CELLWALL 8. ________________________ allows flexibility

  6. 10 Body Systems : INTEGUMENTARY 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

  7. 10 Body Systems : DIGESTIVE 2. _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

  8. NO OPENINGS:Food enters through skin

  9. Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

  10. Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

  11. Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs)

  12. 10 Body Systems : CIRCULATORY 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CLOSED OPEN Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

  13. 10 Body Systems : RESPIRATORY • Exchange gases with the • environment • take in oxygen • get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia) 4. ___________________ Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif

  14. 10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ • Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells • Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

  15. NITROGEN WASTE : AMMONIA _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) _________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) UREA URIC ACID

  16. http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPGhttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG NITROGEN WASTE

  17. 10 Body Systems : SKELETAL 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

  18. Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html 10 Body Systems : MUSCULAR 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

  19. 10 Body Systems : REPRODUCTIVE 8. _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________ ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

  20. 10 Body Systems : INDIRECT ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co DIRECT Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

  21. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

  22. NERVOUS 9. ___________________ Receive sensory infoabout environment & send response signals http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

  23. ENDOCRINE 10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

  24. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! made by cells from break down of proteins left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system Handled by excretory system Feces (poop) ammonia, urea, or uric acid

  25. Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

  26. ASYMMETRY ___________________No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

  27. Radial _______ Symmetry Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/BellaLuz/Jellyfish.jpg Get 2 identical halves in several directions. http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/

  28. Bilateral ___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

  29. SHAPE AND SIZE (190-191 Old Zoology book read aloud in class) • A. Surface area to volume ratio • graph increase of sa and vol • how much surface is exposed to the environment • (heat loss, water loss, weight carried by membrane) • 4/3 πr3 = volume of a sphere • 4 π r2 = surface area

  30. Data Table and Graph

  31. Data Table and Graph

  32. Y= volumeX= surface area

  33. Y=s.a./volX=radius

  34. 3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml • Where does BLASTOPORE end up? • What do embryos look like as they divide? • When do cells decide what they will be?

  35. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system  Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

  36. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

  37. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

  38. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

  39. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

  40. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Digestive system, respiratory Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

  41. Where does BLASTOPORE end up? ANUS HERE POSSIBLY  Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

  42. When do cells decide what they will become? ES= embryonic stem cells Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

  43. Cells decide early Cells decide later Removing cell OK Removing cell causes death DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

  44. THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!

  45. ANIMALS DEUTEROSTOMES PROTOSTOMES Blastopore becomes ANUS Blastopore becomes MOUTH Decide later(INDETERMINATE) Decide very early (DETERMINATE) RADIAL cleavage SPIRAL cleavage ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS ALL INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS

  46. EMBRYOLOGY Echinoderms __________________ are the “exception to the rule”! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________ DEUTEROSTOMES Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG

  47. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = “without space”

  48. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

  49. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM

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