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Introductory Notes

Introductory Notes. Earth Science – a blending of many different sciences, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. Geology – the study of the materials that make up Earth - the study of Rocks. Meteorology – the study of the air that surrounds our planet.

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Introductory Notes

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  1. Introductory Notes

  2. Earth Science – a blending of many different sciences, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy

  3. Geology – the study of the materials that make up Earth- the study of Rocks

  4. Meteorology – the study of the air that surrounds our planet

  5. Oceanography – the study of Earth’s oceans

  6. Astronomy – the study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere- the study of Space

  7. Earth’s Systems

  8. Lithosphere – rigid outer shell of the planet, including the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

  9. Hydrosphere – all of Earth’s water, 97% exists as salt water

  10. Most freshwater is contained in glaciers, very little fresh water exists as liquid on the Earth’s surface

  11. Atmosphere – blanket of gases that surround our planet 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% - H2O(v), argon, CO2, and other gases

  12. Biosphere – all organisms on Earth and the environments they live in, most organisms live within a few meters of the earths surface

  13. Scientific Investigations

  14. Scientific Method – organized approach to solving a problem

  15. Scientific Method –ObservationQuestionHypothesisPredictionExperiment / TestAnalysisConclusion

  16. Measurements – scientific experiments involve making measurements. The System International of Units or SI for short is the standard system of units used

  17. Length – Meter (m)Volume – Liter (l)Weight – Gram (g) Temp – Degrees Celsius (oC)

  18. Common Prefixeskilo = 1000 or 103centi = 1/100 or 10-2 milli = 1/1000 or 10-3

  19. Scientific Notation – a form of shorthand to express very large and very small numbers

  20. Number will be expressed as a value 0 thru 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

  21. Number less than 1 get a negative power 3.0 x 10-3 = 0.003Numbers greater than 1 get a positive power 3.0 x 103 = 3000

  22. Example 190,000,000,000m

  23. Answer 19.0 x 1010m

  24. Example 25,974,200,000,000,000,000,000kg

  25. Answer 25.9742 x 1021kg

  26. Example 30.000,000,000,021g

  27. Answer 32.1 x 10-11g

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