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Drip irrigation in Finland

Drip irrigation in Finland. Merja Myllys 1 and Osmo Purhonen 2 * 1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2 Myllykyläntie 28, FI-20960 Turku, Finland * corresponding and presenting author, purhonenosmo@gmail.com . Contents.

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Drip irrigation in Finland

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  1. Dripirrigation in Finland Merja Myllys1 and Osmo Purhonen2* 1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2 Myllykyläntie 28, FI-20960 Turku, Finland * corresponding and presenting author, purhonenosmo@gmail.com

  2. Contents • Need for irrigation • Irrigationmethods • Dripirrigation; latestresults • potatocropproduction • horticulturalcropproduction • Futureprospects

  3. Precipitation and evaporation in Finland Picture: FinnishFieldDrainage Centre

  4. Need for irrigation • Borealclimaticzone • WaterdeficiencyfromMay to July ≈125 mm • Need for irrigationdepends on storagecapacity of soil • Drainage is moreimportantthanirrigation • Irrigation is alsoused to preventfrostdamages (20-40 mm/night)

  5. Irrigationmethods • Irrigationwasintroducedlate: in 1960’ • Sprinkler and boomirrigationareprevailingmethods • 9% of farmshaveirrigationequipment • 80 000 hectares out of 2.4 milj. hectarescanbeirrigated • Irrigationwaterfromnaturalwatercourses • 2% of totalrun-off is utilized for municipal and industrialpurposes, minorpart for irrigation

  6. Irrigationmethods

  7. Dripirrigation • Novelmethod on field

  8. 1) Dripirrigation in potatocropproduction • On-farmfieldexperiment; one main farm (alltreatments) + fourothers (sometreatments in each) • Treatments: dripirrigation, sprinkler, boom, subsurfaceirrigation, no irrigation • Measurments/observations: water and nutrient status of the soil, yield and yieldquality of the potatocrop

  9. Dripirrigation in potatocropproduction • Allmethodsincreasedyield • Dripirrigationincreased proportion of marketableyield(tubersize 35-55 mm)

  10. Dripirrigation in potatocropproduction • Possibility to addliquidfertilizes in the irrigationwaterincreased the importantcalciumcontent in the tubers

  11. Dripirrigation in potatocropproduction • Dripirrigationdiminishedleaching of nutrientsduringgrowingseason(the redbarindicateshowmuchnutrientsareleftafterharvest)

  12. 2) Dripirrigation in horticulturalcropproduction • Jointseries of fieldexperiments • Cropswerepicklingcucumber, strawberry, blackcurrant and raspberry • Productionpractises, workdemand, and economywerestudied • Guidelines for farmerswere made

  13. Dripirrigation in horticulturalcropproduction • Cropbenefitedfromdripirrigationwhichwasstartedwhentensiometresindicatedsuction of -150 to -300 hPa. • Especiallyberrycropsbenefitedfromaddedfertilizers in the irrigationwater

  14. Dripirrigation in horticulturalcropproduction • Installation of dripirrigationsystemrequires a lot of work • Productioncosts per farmincrease • Productioncosts per kg of yielddecreasedif the amount of yieldexceeded • 8 – 9 000 kg/ha for strawberry • 6 - 9 000 kg/ha for blackcurrant • 55 000 kg/ha for picklingcucumber

  15. Conclusions • As waterreservoirsareplenty in Finland, lack of irrigationwater is not the main reason to choosedripirrigationinstead of anothermethod. • Reasonsare • the possibility for fertilizationduring the growingseason • minimizedleaching of nutrients • efficientuse of water and nutrients • ease of useonceinstalled

  16. Conclusions • Disadvantages of dripirrigationare • Laboriousinstalling • The factthatdripirrigationcannotbeused for preventingfrostdamages

  17. Futureprospects • Dripirrigationwillbemorecommonlyused in highvalueperennialcropproduction • Due to highinstallationcostdripirrigationwillnotbewidelyused for annualcropproduction • Need for irrigationwillincreasedue to climatechange

  18. Thankyou!

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