Chapter 39: The Stalemated Seventies

1. Chapter 39: The Stalemated Seventies 1968-1980

2. Sources of Stagnation • What three reasons were provided for the slump in productivity? • What lead to inflation in the 1970s? • How much did the cost of living increase in the 1970s? • What happened to the US competitive advantage in manufacturing? Why? • What liberal dream ended during this time period? • Nixon “Vietnamizes” the War • What was one of Nixon’s assets? • Describe the policy of Vietnamization. • Describe the Nixon Doctrine. • How did antiwar protestors respond to Nixon? • What were Nixon’s intentions with Vietnam? • Who fought in the war and what were the conditions like in Vietnam? • How did the My Lai Massacre impact citizens views on the war?

3. Cambodianizing the Vietnam War • How had North Vietnam used Cambodia and what did the US decide to do about it? • What happened on the home front after the US entered Cambodia? • How did the government respond after Nixon sent troops into Cambodia? • Describe the contents of the Pentagon Papers • Nixon’s Détente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow • Why was Nixon interested in Beijing and Moscow? • Who was Henry A Kissinger and what did he do? • What happened when Nixon went to China? • What did Nixon negotiate in Moscow and what era did this usher in? • Describe the ABM and SALT accords. • What did the US do even though they had agreed to the ABM? • In Latin America, how did Nixon demonstrate his anti-communist beliefs?

4. A New Team on The Supreme Bench • How did Nixon feel about Chief Justice Earl Warren and his liberal decisions? • Describe the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling. • Describe the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling. • What is the significance of the Escobedo and Miranda cases. • Describe the New York Times v. Sullivan ruling. • Why were Engel v. Vitale and School District of Abington Township v. Schempp considered “stunning decisions”? • Describe the Reynolds v. Sims ruling. • What kind of issues was the Supreme Court dealing with? • What kind of people did Nixon want on the Supreme Court and who is an example of this? • What lesson did Nixon learn once he appointed a new chief justice? • Describe the Roe v. Wade ruling.

5. Nixon on the Home Front • What welfare programs did Nixon expand? • Describe the “Philadelphia Plan”. • How did the Philadelphia Plan impact Affirmative Action? • Describe the Griggs v. DukePower Co ruling. • How did critics respond to Nixon and the SC’s work towards equality for women and minorities? • What did the EPA and OSHA do? • How Nixon deal with inflation and how did this impact the world? • Describe Nixon’s “southern strategy”. • The Nixon Landslide in 1972 • What happened in Vietnam during the presidential campaign in 1972? • Who did George McGovern appeal to and what doomed his ticket? • What did Nixon’s campaign emphasis and how did Kissinger’s work affect this? • Who won the election? • What happened in Vietnam after the election? • Describe the concept of “peace with honor” and what was the reality of this peace?

6. The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act • What did the American public discover in July of 1973 and how did this affect the war effort? • What did Nixon do after the cease-fire in Vietnam and how did Congress feel about it? • What happened in Cambodia after the US bombing? • Describe the provisions of the War Powers Act? • In what ways was American returning to isolationism? • The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis • What did the US do when Syria and Egypt attacked Israel? • How did the policy of backing Israel affect America’s relationships with other Arab nations? • What happened in Congress during the “energy crisis”? • What end of an era did the oil embargo signify? • How did American’s oil dependence impact the future of diplomatic relationships? • How did the US attempt to counter OPEC?

7. Watergate and the Unmaking of a President • What were some of the Nixon Administration’s dirty tricks? • Why did VP Agnew resign and who replaced him? • What did a Senate Committee discover about Nixon? • Describe the “Saturday Night Massacre”. • Why did Nixon say he had the right to withhold evidence? • What did the Nixon tapes reveal? • What did Republican leaders in Congress suggest Nixon do? • What did Nixon do on August 8, 1974 • What did Nixon’s impending impeachment prove? • The First Unelected President • With what handicaps did Ford enter the White House? • What did Ford do that angered Democrats? • What did the Helsinki accords say? • Why were many Americans upset with Ford’s policy of détente?

8. Defeat in Vietnam • How did South Vietnam fare when the US didn’t give them aid? • What happened at the end of the Vietnam war? • Did the US lose the war? • How much did the war cost? • What did America lose when it lost in Vietnam? • Feminist Victories and Defeat • What protest movement remained successful through the 60s? • What does Title IX mean? • Describe the provisions of the ERA. • What did Reed v. Reed and Frontierov Richardson discuss? • What was the ruling of Roe v. Wadebased on? • What backlashes did the women’s movement face? • What was the feminists most bitter defeat and who helped achieve it?

9. The Seventies in Black and White • How did the ruling in Milliken v. Bradley blindside integrationists? • In what way was Affirmative Action controversial? • Describe Allan Bakke’s argument and explain how the Supreme Court responded. • What did the United States v. Wheeler ruling say? • What acts of civil disobedience were committed by Native American tribes? • The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory • Who did the Republicans nominate for the 1976 election? • Who did the Democrats nominate for the 1976 election? • What was Carter’s platform? • Who won and why? • What immediate successes did Carter enjoy? • Why didn’t Carter fit in well in Washington?

10. Carter’s Humanitarian Diplomacy • What was Carter’s guiding principle in foreign policy? • What was Carter’s most spectacular foreign policy achievement? • In what two other countries did Carter enjoy success with foreign policy? • What troubles did Carter face when dealing with foreign policy? • Economic and Energy Woes • What did the US economy look like when Carter became president? • How did oil impact trade and education in the US? • How did inflation impact the elderly and small businesses? • What did Carter believe was the disease of the American economy? • What happened in Iran in 1979? • What did Carter do at Camp David in 1979? • How did Carter deal with the economic crisis after Camp David?

11. Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio • What was the purpose of the SALT II treaty? • What buried all hopes of the US ratifying the SALT II treaty? • While Iran held Americans hostage, what did the Soviets do in Afghanistan? • How did Carter respond to the invasion of Afghanistan? • How did the Iran hostage situation impact Carter’s presidency? • How did Carter attempt to deal with the hostage situation in Iran and what was the outcome? • How did the rescue mission prove anguishing for Americans?