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An Introduction to Opera

An Introduction to Opera. Vocabulary and Voice Types. James Flora Nessun Dorma Turandot. Have you ever heard an opera singer?. What is opera?. It’s a story told in music. Performances are given in opera houses and the singers are accompanied by an orchestra.

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An Introduction to Opera

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  1. An Introduction to Opera Vocabulary and Voice Types

  2. James FloraNessunDormaTurandot Have you ever heard an opera singer?

  3. What is opera? • It’s a story told in music. • Performances are given in opera houses and the singers are accompanied by an orchestra. • Operas have beautiful scenery and costumes. • Opera singers are trained to used their voices and do not use microphones. • The story is told in several musical ways. • Main characters sing by themselves. (aria) • Sometimes groups of 2, 3, 4 or more singers sing together and at the same time. (ensembles) • Many times there is a chorus too.

  4. Operas are performed in opera houses. La Scala Opera House, Milan, Italy Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, New York

  5. Operas have scenery and costumes. Hansel and Gretel

  6. Operas singers do not use microphones. Hai-Ting Chinn (left, as Hansel), Leon Natker as The Witch and Kate Oberjat as Gretel in Lyric Opera's "Hansel and Gretel." (Photo by Ken Jacques)

  7. Aria: a musical piece for one singer. • Aria is the Italian word for song. The letter aria in Eugene Onegin is 14 minutes long.

  8. Chorus: a group of singers Children’s Festival Chorus of Pittsburgh performing Children’s Chorus in Turandot by Puccini

  9. Composer: a person who writes music; in opera the composer sets the words to music to tell the story Giacomo Puccini , composer of Madame Butterfly

  10. Diva: female singer Renee Fleming, in Verdi's La Traviata at the Metropolitan Opera

  11. Divo: male singer Bryn Terfel as Sir John Falstaff; Falstaff

  12. Duet: a musical piece for two voices Nannetta and Fenton (Resident Artists Shannon Kessler Dooley and James Flora) in Pittsburgh Opera's Falstaff.

  13. Ensemble: Group of musicians playing or singing together. When the chorus, or all the main characters are singing, it is called an “ensemble” number. • Ensemble:On the country estate of the widowed Madame Larina, the peasants return from the fields celebrating the harvest with song and dance from Vancouver Opera’s Eugene Onegin.

  14. Librettist: a person who writes the text of the operaLibretto means “little book.” Ludovic Halévy Henri Meilhac Librettists for Carmen

  15. Libretto: The words to an opera, usually in book form

  16. Quartet: a musical piece for four voices Alice Ford, Meg Page, Nannetta and Dame Quicklylaugh as they plot their revenge on Falstaff for sending identical love letters to Alice and Meg in Pittsburgh Opera's Falstaff.

  17. Overture Overture: music played by the orchestra before an opera begins

  18. Prompter: the person in a booth at the foot of the stage who gives singers cues Prompter in Prompt Box at Opera: Prompter Phillip Eisenberg conducts from the prompt box during a staging rehearsal of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca at the San Francisco Opera House.

  19. Score:a printed sheet with the words and music of an opera Georges Bizet, CarmenAct II Quintet; Nous avons en tête une affaire

  20. Tempo: the speed of a musical piece The speed of music as indicated by such terms as allegro, presto, adagio, lento, and andante. Tempo (Italian for time, plural: tempi) is an important element of composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.

  21. Trio: musical piece for three voices Falstaff and his cronies in the opera's opening scene at the Sydney Opera House.Photo: Lisa Wiltse

  22. Each voice type is illustrated on this PBS site http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/operatunity/multimedia/

  23. Soprano Range of soprano voice A soprano is a singing voice with a vocal range from approximately middle C to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" (C6, two octaves above middle C) or higher in operatic music. http://www.arts.gov/national/GAV/voicetypes.html Soprano "Jewel Song" from Gounods's Faust, featuring Mary Mills as Marguerite (coloratura soprano) and the Opera Company of Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Jacques Lacombe. Excerpt courtesy of Opera Company of Philadelphia.

  24. Mezzo-soprano Range of mezzo-soprano voice A mezzo-soprano is the "medium" classical female singing voice whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices. • http://www.music.appstate.edu/faculty/greene/ Mezzo-soprano: "Why do they shut me out of heaven?" Number 3, Twelve Poems of Emily Dickenson by Aaron Copland

  25. Contralto Range of contralto voice In music, a contralto is a type of classical female singing voice with a vocal range somewhere between a tenor and a mezzo-soprano. • http://www.xenia-maria-mann.com/english/ Contralto ORFEO ED EURIDICE Orfeo from the recitativ of the aria „Che farò"

  26. Tenor Range of tenor voice The tenor is a type of male singing voice and is the highest male voice. • http://www.roberto-sacca.com/frameengl.html Tenor RIGOLETTO: Possente amor

  27. Baritone Range of baritone voice Baritone is a type of classical male singing voice that lies between the bass and tenor voices. It is the most common male voice. • http://www.peterharvey.com/audio.html Baritone Henry Purcell"Wond'rous Machine!", from Hail Bright CeciliaCollegium Vocale Orchestra and Choir, dir. Philippe Herreweghe

  28. Bass Range of bass voice A bass is a type of classical male singing voice and possesses the lowest vocal range of all voice types. • http://www.arts.gov/national/GAV/voicetypes.htmlBass Me voici" from Gounod's Faust, featuring William Burden as Faust, Richard Bernstein as Méphistophélès, and the Opera Company of Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Jacques Lacombe. Excerpt courtesy of Opera Company of Philadelphia

  29. Common vocal ranges represented on a keyboard

  30. Madame Butterfly • Puccini wrote 5 versions of this famous opera. • It first premiered in 1904. • It takes place in Nagasaki, Japan. • A United States Naval officer Pinkerton falls in love with a Japanese woman, Cio-Cio San, nicknamed Butterfly. • Butterfly falls in love with the officer, Pinkerton. • He leaves to go back to the United States • Madame Butterfly loves him for the rest of her life.

  31. Madame Butterfly

  32. Works Cited • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/operatunity/multimedia • http://www.arts.gov/national/GAV/voicetypes.html Soprano "Jewel Song" from Gounods's Faust, featuring Mary Mills as Marguerite (coloratura soprano) and the Opera Company of Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Jacques Lacombe. Excerpt courtesy of Opera Company of Philadelphia. • http://www.music.appstate.edu/faculty/greene/ Mezzo-soprano: "Why do they shut me out of heaven?" Number 3, Twelve Poems of Emily Dickenson by Aaron Copland • http://www.xenia-maria-mann.com/english/ Contralto ORFEO ED EURIDICE Orfeo from the recitativ of the aria „Che farò" • http://www.roberto-sacca.com/frameengl.html Tenor RIGOLETTO: Possente amor • http://www.arts.gov/national/GAV/voicetypes.htmlBass Me voici" from Gounod's Faust, featuring William Burden as Faust, Richard Bernstein as Méphistophélès, and the Opera Company of Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Jacques Lacombe. Excerpt courtesy of Opera Company of Philadelphia • http://www.peterharvey.com/audio.html Baritone Henry Purcell"Wond'rous Machine!", from Hail Bright CeciliaCollegium Vocale Orchestra and Choir, dir. Philippe Herreweghe • www.ptttsburgh.org • Voice types http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_(voice_pe) • Bravo! Brava! A Night at the Opera: Behind the Scenes with Composers, Cast, and Crew by Anne Siberell and Frederica von Stade, 2002, University Press • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.princeton.edu/wri152-3/f05/eharwood/ludovic2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.princeton.edu/wri152-3/f05/eharwood/degas_turns_his_back.html&usg=__nfkZx6Kl6o8L8Rv4uq2EsOWhbsU=&h=271&w=208&sz=15&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=b4P2KGe9UtCtxM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLudovic%2BHal%25C3%25A9vy%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG • http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/carmen/librettists.html • conservapedia.com/images/9/91/Tchaikovsky1.jpg

  33. Works Cited • mustard.tapor.uvic.ca/.../xq/xhtml.xq?id=126 • www.musicweb-international.com/classRev/2006/... • www.andreasschollsociety.org/opera.htm • www.gatheringnote.org/?tag=seattle-opera • pro.corbis.com/Enlargement/Enlargement.aspx?i... • http://www.sarasotaopera.org/blog/uploaded_images/IMG_5905-713910.jpg • www.neac.eat-online.net/.../procida_3/napoli.htm • davidrwhitney.com/wtoc-scenery.php • www.bbc.co.uk/.../director_glossary.shtml • www.gastage.com/ • https:/.../VPAC80/Projects/Marigo/music6.html • http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/music7.html • ionarts.blogspot.com/2008/08/ionarts-in-santa... • 2008blog.glimmerglass.org/2008/07/reclaiming-... • www.life.com/image/50714310 • http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/aaz2552/index.html • http://physicsofthearts3.pbworks.com/f/1174868519/scrim.jpg • www.lyricopera.org

  34. Works Cited • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media.10best.com/Images/Photos/7258/7258400_6_400x400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.10best.com/Pittsburgh,PA/Attractions_%26_Activities/Search_All_Attractions_%26_Activities/11741/Benedum_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_Pittsburgh_PA/%3Ftab%3Dphotos&usg=__RyVTg1XZF7ln-KRRpjt95VxdQQ8=&h=400&w=400&sz=36&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=O90Hgu1lUy6DFM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenedum%2Bcenter%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive • http://www.pittsburghopera.org/shows/view/11 • www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2006/01/16/falstaff_ • www.geraldfinley.info/Articles/Perform/Eugene... • www.geraldfinley.info/Articles/Perform/Eugene... • www.nedgallagher.com/.../archives/2007_11.html • www.musicweb-international.com/SandH/2008/Jan... • http://www.pittsburghopera.org/ • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sdoperascenicstudios.com/images/pfr/aida3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sdoperascenicstudios.com/prodforrent.html&usg=__MAd23yHOgkk4D3IFUWoArxCOJ4k=&h=338&w=450&sz=43&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=thigWeqS8NcNBM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dopera%2Bproductions%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive • 2008blog.glimmerglass.org/2008/07/reclaiming-... • Hansel: http://static.sdnn.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/hansel.jpg • Madame Butterfly: http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/12463/ • Madame Butterfly: http://news.chinaassistor.com/2008/0508/Madame_Butterfly_Held_its_Final_Rehearsal_at_Natio_8673.html, http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.manchestereventsguide.co.uk/img/full/pop/Madama%2520Butterfly.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.manchestereventsguide.co.uk/feature/Puccinis_Madama_Butterfly_at_the_Opera_House_7th_%26_8th_March/186.html&usg=__NPtSnyFJ0Qb9UTWp6KbUuUxVSYU=&h=464&w=300&sz=86&hl=en&start=26&zoom=1&tbnid=rUicQir7fjdkxM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmadame%2Bbutterfly%2Bopera%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1020%26bih%3D567%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=370&ei=GRwiTeSNFYH7lwfD2YiTDA&oei=qBsiTZfKJML88AbtzajIDQ&esq=4&page=3&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:26&tx=53&ty=40

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