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Deeply Networked Systems: Revolutionizing Technology and Architecture

Explore the emerging application paradigms and the need for innovation and integration in deeply networked systems. Dive into the historic perspective and discuss the future of computing. Discover the revolution in information appliances and the convergence, competition, and divergence in computing and communications.

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Deeply Networked Systems: Revolutionizing Technology and Architecture

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  1. Welcome cs294-8 Design of Deeply Networked Systems Spring 2000 David Culler & Randy Katz U.C. Berkeley http://www.cs/~culler/cs294-s00 http://www.cs/~randy/Courses/CS294.S00/

  2. Outline • Motivation for the Seminar • Today’s Technology Revolution • Emerging Application Paradigms • A Call to Architecture • Course Plan • Discussion

  3. Massive Cluster Clusters Gigabit Ethernet Server Scalable, Available Internet Services Client Info. appliances Away from the ‘average’ Device

  4. Personal Computer Workstation Server ?? Innovation: breakthrough technologies Integration: What we can build into a system Minicomputer Mainframe Technology as a Process Capability For deeply networked systems, system architecture currently lags technology Time

  5. Exciting components

  6. Historical Perspective • New eras of computing start when the previous era is so strong it is hard to imagine that things could ever be different • mainframe -> mini • mini -> workstation -> PC • PC -> ??? • It is always smaller than what came before. • Most think of the new technology as “just a toy” • The new dominant use was almost completely absent before. • Technology spread increases

  7. Historic Perspective (cont) • Technology discontinuities drive new computing paradigms, applications, system architectures • E.g., Xerox Alto • 3Ms--1 mips, 1 megapixel, 1 mbps • Fourth M: 1 megabyte of memory • From time sharing to LAN-connected client-server with display intensive applications • What will drive the next discontinuity? What are the new metrics of system capability? • This seminar: deeply networked systems • eXtreme Devices: the small, the large, the numerous

  8. Away from the “average device” • Powerful, personal capabilities from specialized devices • small, highly mobile or embedded in the environment • Intelligence + immense storage and processing in the infrastructure • Everything connected Devices Laptops, Desktops

  9. Convergence in the PC First Color TV Broadcast, 1953 HBO Launched, 1972 Interactive TV, 1990 Telephone, 1876 Early Wireless Phones, 1978 Handheld Portable Phones, 1990 Pentium PC, 1993 Computer + Modem 1957 First PC Altair, 1974 IBM PC, 1981 Apple Mac, 1984 Apple Powerbook, 1990 IBM Thinkpad, 1992 Apple Newton, 1993 Eniac, 1947 HP Palmtop, 1991 Red Herring, 10/99

  10. To Competition & Divergence Convergence, Competition, Divergence in Computing and Communications Atari Home Pong, 1972 Pentium PC, 1993 Network Computer, 1996 Free PC, 1999 Sega Dreamcast, 1999 Internet-enabled Smart Phones, 1999 Pentium II PC, 1997 Apple iMac, 1998 Palm VII PDA, 1999 Red Herring, 10/99

  11. Today’s Technology Revolution • Moore’s law => miniaturization, integration • PDAs, Embedded Servers, … , scalable systems • Communication • low power wireless, … , multigigabit links & switching • Sensors (on CMOS) • CCD, …, MEMS • enhanced through integrated image/signal processing • Localized Algorithms • Actuators • Positional, directional • GPS, signal processing • Alternative Energy Sources • ambient, harvesting, solar, battery

  12. Information Appliances: Many computers per person, MEMs, CCDs, LCDs, connectivity Information Appliances: Scaled down desktops, e.g., CarPC, PdaPC, etc. Revolution Evolution Evolved Desktops Servers: Integrated with comms infrastructure; Lots of computing in small footprint Servers: Scaled-up Desktops, Millennium Mem BANG! Display Smart Spaces Disk Camera Mem Display Display Display mProc Camera Smart Sensors Disk Keyboard Information Utility mProc Server, Mem, Disk Computing Revolution WAN PC Evolution Evolution vs. Revolution: Devices in the eXtreme

  13. The Big 3 • Diversity of Devices • Connected • Integrated with the physical world

  14. Fast Projected Growth inNon-PC Terminal Equipment 60 Millions Units Shipped All Non-PC Information Appliances 45 30 15 Videogame Consoles Internet TVs Smart Phones 0 1998 2002 Red Herring, 10/99

  15. Industry Shifts • Implications of PCs as commodity • Increasingly narrow profit margins • Some Reactions: • Intel: recent strategic acquisitions focus on owning silicon for communications, networking, signal processing, multimedia PLUS network services • Sun: focus on infrastructure servers (clusters, RAID storage)--JAVA/JINI sells more server processing and storage • HP: focus on non-desktop “information appliances”, e.g., HP CapShare Portable E-copier

  16. TV Home Networking Power Line Carrier (PLC) Appliance Appliance Camera X10 HAVi HAVi HomeRF, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 Web Pad Home API Universal Plug & Play (uPnP) DSL Cable Modem Satellite IrDA Power Outlet Power Line Bridge Internet Gateway Wireless Bridge Phone Jack Phone Line (HomePNA) Heterogeneous devices, standards Distributed intelligence Plug and play, self-configuration, adapt on the fly Connectivity according to device’s needs Red Herring, 10/99

  17. Information Appliances • Universal Devices vs. Specialized Devices • E.g., Swiss Army Knife vs. Butcher, Butter, Steak, Bread knife • Different design constraints based on intended use, enhances ease of use • Desktop PC • Mobile PC • Desktop “Smart” Phone • Mobile Telephone • Personal Digital Assistant • Set-top Box • Digital VCR • ...

  18. N W E S 2 Axis Magnetic Sensor 2 Axis Accelerometer Light Intensity Sensor Humidity Sensor Pressure Sensor Temperature Sensor Truly eXtreme Devices:Pister’s Dust Motes • COTS RF Mote • Atmel Microprocessor • RF Monolithics transceiver • 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps • 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%

  19. COTS Dust - Optical Motes Laser mote • 650nm laser pointer • 2 day life full duty CCR mote • 4 corner cubes • 40% hemisphere

  20. Virtual Keyboard Interfaces for people with Disabilities?

  21. Emerging Application Paradigms • Ubiquitous Computing • Smart Spaces • Sensor Nets • Active Badges and Tags • Home Networking, e-everything • information Appliances • Wearables • Metaverse • ...

  22. Call to Architecture • Technology exists (or will soon) to realize grand visions of where computing can go • What’s missing? • Architecture • Framework that realizes the application vision from emerging technology • systematic application of design methods

  23. Architectural Components • Internet “SuperServer” multitiered clusters • TinyStations (PDAs, Emdedded Servers) • Service Discovery • Location Awareness • Management (telemetry, diagnosis, debug) • Power Adaptation • Protocols • Redundancy => Namespace, datapaths, control, principles of operation, error handling, security, robustness

  24. What is Needed? • Automatic Self-Configuration • Personalization on a Vast Scale • Plug-and-Play • The OS of the Planet • New management concerns: protection, information utility, not scheduling the processor • What is the OS of the Internet? TCP plus queue scheduling in routers • Adapts to You • Protection, Organization, Preferences by Example

  25. Zillions of Tiny Devices Proliferation of information appliances, MEMS, etc. “Of course it’s connected!” Cheap, ample bandwidth “Always on” networking Vast (Technical) Capacity Scalable computing in the infrastructure Rapid decline in processing, memory, & storage cost Adaptive Self-Configuration Loosely Organized “Good Enough” Reliabilty and Availability Any-to-Any Transducers (dealing with heterogeneity, over time--legacy--and space) Communities (sharing) Technology Changes & Architectural Implications

  26. Deeply Networked Systems • “Everything” is networked • Even very small things like sensors and actuators • Explosion in the number of connected end devices • Processing moves towards the network edges • Protocol stack plus some ability to execute mobile code in network end devices • Processing moves towards the network core • Services executing inside the network

  27. Interactive Television Set-top Box OS: Aperios, WinCE, something else Sony/GI alliance 7.8 million units sold in 2002 Direct Broadcast Satellite Television TVs with built-in satellite receivers 14 million units sold in 2002 “Smart” Phones Sony and Microsoft involved in numerous phone alliances 6.8 million units sold in 2002 Video Games Sony Playstation (Aperios) vs. Sega Dreamcast (WinCE) 18.5 million units sold in 2002 Electronic Toys Microsoft Barney (WinCE) vs. Sony robot pets (Aperios) $1.86 billion in sales in 2002 Who Will Own the System Software of the 21st Century?Sony versus Microsoft

  28. Convergence, Competition, Diversity • Implications: • Shift from computer design to consumer design • Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking • Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS Terminal Equipment: PCs, Smart Phones, Game Consoles, Information Appliances, Set-top Boxes, E-Toys Dell, Ericsson, Sony Server and Software “Platforms”: Corba/Java, NT/Symbiant/Asperios, NOW Ninja, e”speak, AIN/ICEBERG, … Microsoft, Sun, Compaq, RealNetworks, Akaimi, ... Telecomm/Connectivity: Access Networks, Cable, DSL, Satellites, Wireless AT&T, UUnet

  29. Representative Research Challenges in Deeply Networked Systems • Embedded/Networked Systems • Support for deeply networked systems and mobile code • OS services in support of sensor/actuator I/O • Low-latency feedback across software component boundaries • Tuning of performance and configuration at runtime • Runtime support for networked, embedded systems • Sensor Information Technology • Large Scale Distributed Micro Sensor Networking • Fixed and Mobile Internetworking • Collaborative Signal Processing • Nano-cryptography

  30. Course Plan

  31. Goals / Outcome • Knowledge base • Lightning Rods • Emergence of Architectural structure • sense of direction

  32. Project Concepts • Hands-On Miniproject (weeks 3 - 6) • BYO embedded server • Major Group Design Project • weeks 7-15, not 12-15! • studio option? • One-week “think pieces” • 3-page reasoned thoughts on unusual topics • ‘there is no box’ • eg: systems powered by their environment of application

  33. Topic Cycle • Technology (push) • Application (pull) • Architecture (abstraction)

  34. Weekly Plan • Monday (2:30 - 4) • student summaries of 2-3 assigned readings • topic discussion • scribe produces on-line summary • class adds relevant links • instructor sets topic stage • broader class discussion / relationship to projects • Thurs (3:30 - 4:30) System Seminar • Thurs (4:30 - 5:30) • discussion with speaker (over coffee)

  35. Administrivia • Workload • reading, browsing, scribe summary, knowledge base • think pieces, mini-project, project • Grading • 20% class participation, 20% think pieces, 20% mini project, 40% project • Course worksite • Class experts • Who gets in

  36. Assignment for Thursday 3:30 1/28 • Prepare 5 minute (max) presentation • unique or important background, experience, training, or talents • one visionary scenario that you’d like to see happen • something you can contribute toward it • Web-based visual aids • max 3-slide equivalent … Interviewing for the expedition

  37. Questions?

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