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Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders

Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders. Dr. Wasantha Gunathunga. objectives. To describe occurrence of GIT disorders To discuss factors affecting GIT dis. To discuss preventive aspects. Epidemiology.

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Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders

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  1. Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders Dr. Wasantha Gunathunga

  2. objectives • To describe occurrence of GIT disorders • To discuss factors affecting GIT dis. • To discuss preventive aspects

  3. Epidemiology • The study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in human populations • GIT disorders • Disorders that manifest predominantly in the gastro intestinal system

  4. GIT disorders • Communicable • Non communicable

  5. Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicable • Parasitic • Helminths – • hook worm, round worm whip worm, pin worm

  6. Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicable • Parasitic • Amoebas – E.histolitica • Other

  7. Occurrence of GIT disorders-communicable • Bacteria and viruses • Gastritis • Hepatitis • Enteritis • Colitis • Other

  8. Occurrence of GIT disorders-Non-communicable • Gastritis, gastric ulcers • Malignancies • Ulcerative colitis • Alcohol related problems • Other

  9. In Sri Lanka • In Sri Lanka a community survey of seven districts found 20 – 32 per cent current drinkers. In the rural area those who drink do so heavily. A survey in eight villages showed 71 per cent of respondents drinking daily. Use is higher among poor families. 93 per cent of respondents used locally produced alcohol, which is not reflected in the per capita consumption. http://www.ias.org.uk/publications/theglobe/01issue3,4/globe0103_04_p4.html

  10. In Sri Lanka • Fifty-seven Sinhalese patients were investigated for the presence of Helicobacter pylori by PCR. A prevalence of 70.1%, was demonstrated. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=120560

  11. H- nutr, imm Levels of prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  12. Host • Age • Sex • Poor nutrition • Habits • HIV • Immunity - BCG

  13. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity – BCG/OPV Age : Old age (eg. TB) Infancy(eg.diarrhoea) Sex: Male female Host

  14. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Poor nutrition Proper infant and child feeding Nutrition during illness Nutrition in special groups Proper feeding of senior citizens Host

  15. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Habits Prevention of substance abuse Hygiene (food, dental) Other Host

  16. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Prevention of HIV will prevent many other infections Immunity –by vaccinations – hep B, A, OPV, other. Host

  17. Agent • Prevent drug resistance –proper use of antibiotics Look for new forms – mutations, eg. New cholera strains

  18. Environment • Recognize occupational exposure • Improve domestic water and food supply • Prevent antibiotic residues in food

  19. secondary prevention • Surveillance • Screening • Complete treatment

  20. Surveillance • Epidemiological surveillance is the continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases or other conditions of ill health. It includes systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and distribution of relevant data for action.

  21. Approaches of prevention • Population approach • High risk approach

  22. Thank you

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