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Racial Disparities in the Child Welfare System

Racial Disparities in the Child Welfare System. Conducted by: African American Disparities Committee, Minnesota Department of Human Services and University of Minnesota. Contact: Susan J. Wells Mary Pfohl Alex Beutel Scotty Daniels Ila Kamath.

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Racial Disparities in the Child Welfare System

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  1. Racial Disparities in the Child Welfare System Conducted by: African American Disparities Committee, Minnesota Department of Human Services and University of Minnesota Contact: Susan J. Wells Mary Pfohl Alex BeutelScotty Daniels Ila Kamath Case Study Analysis by the University of Minnesota

  2. Question Guiding the Project • Through a case study, can we better identify the mechanisms that lead to racial disproportionality and disparity?

  3. Matched Case Study Goal: 103 Pairs Matched on • Age group (0-5 and 6-11) • Reason for referral - type of neglect • Gender • County

  4. Assessment Outcome Percent Concordance for Matched Pairs: Opened for Case Management Services During Assessment Caucasian Child of the Pair No Yes Total No 33.0 African American Child of the Pair 17.5 50.5 Yes 11.7 37.9 49.5 Total N=103 100% 44.7 55.3 McNemar level of significance p = .362 Not significant finding

  5. Case Management Outcome 1Matched Pairs Percent Concordance for Matched Pairs: Child Placed in Case Management Services McNemar Level of Significance p = 1.0 Not significant

  6. Case Management Outcome 3 Matched Pairs Percent Concordance for Matched Pairs: Case Closed in Case Management Caucasian Child Of Pair No Yes Total African American No Child of Pair 5.6 16.7 22.2 Yes 16.7 61.1 77.8 Total N=18 22.2 77.8 100% McNemar Level of Significance p = 1.0 Not significant finding

  7. Reunification Outcome 1Comparison of All Cases Court Order Indicated Reunification Services Not Necessary by Race Court Order for Reunification Services Not Needed No Yes Total Race of African American Child 80.0 20.0 100.0 Caucasian 88.5 11.5 100.0 Total N=46* 84.8 15.2 100% Fisher's Exact Level of Significance p = .650 Not Significant finding *One case missing.

  8. Reunification Outcome 2Comparison of All Cases Discharged from Reunification Placement by Race Discharge from Reunification Placement No Yes Total Race of African Child American 35.3 64.7 100.0% Caucasian 39.1 60.9 100.0% Total N=40* 37.5 62.5 100% Fisher's Level of Significance p = .534 Not significant finding * 6 cases had court order that reunification not necessary and one case missing.

  9. Multivariate Analysis • Using information about several case descriptors at once, what predicts more severe intervention? That is, was the case referred for Reunification Services at any time during the intervention process? (Does not included cases that were in placement initially but when home right away.)

  10. Example of Model Predicting Intensiveness of Intervention *Intensiveness of intervention is placement out of home long enough to require reunification services.

  11. Percent Referred for Placement (in Which Referral for Reunification Services was Made) by Age

  12. Summary • Some case characteristics may lead to differential treatment by race. • In some studies, when all available variables are taken into account for the larger population, the differences appear to cancel each other out.

  13. Racial Disparities in Minnesota • May be concentrated at the front end and back end of services (reporting, substantiation, placement in assessment, and overall length of time in care) • Disproportionality may also occur due to the distribution of selected case characteristics in the larger population

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