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…a new beginning

…a new beginning. Poverty eradication through community managed sustainable agriculture a way out of serious crisis in agriculture. SERP MMS SANET. Indira kranthi patham women’s empowerment for poverty eradication. S.E.R.P is implementing a Rs.2100 cr statewide project to

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…a new beginning

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  1. …a new beginning Poverty eradication through community managed sustainable agriculturea way out of serious crisis in agriculture SERP MMS SANET

  2. Indira kranthi pathamwomen’s empowerment for poverty eradication S.E.R.P is implementing a Rs.2100 cr statewide project to raise rural poor’s incomes and improve quality of life Government departments Knowledge & awareness Organize rural women’s groups & their federations Financial institutions Panchayati raj institutions Investment support Markets and other non-govt institutions

  3. Outreach and institutional structure • Programme present in every village of the state • S.H.Gs have been formed in each village • More than 90% of rural poor are organised • 86.5 lakhs rural women organised into6,88,200S.H.Gs (upto March 2007) • (35% of all S.H.Gs in the country are in A.P) • Own savings : Rs.1340 Crores, Corpus : Rs. 2990 Crores. • 31,500 V.Os, 946 MSs and 21 Z.S s formed

  4. Vision To enable each poor family in the state, to improve their livelihoods and quality of life a family out of poverty experiences: • improved status in society • comprehensive food security – freedom from hunger • earns minimum of Rs.5000/- per month, from 3 - 4 stablelivelihoods • planned house-hold expenditure • Social Security – risks to life, health, assets and incomes are covered • good shelter • good education • good health

  5. A.P Federation Model Z S 200,000 400,000 • E.C - 2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers • Support to VOs • Secure linkage with Govt. Depts. fin institutions, markets • Auditing of the groups MMS • Micro Finance functions 4000 6000 • E.C - 2 from each S.H.G, 5 Office bearers - • Strengthening of SHGs • Arrange line of credit to the SHGs • Social action • Village development V.O • Marketing and food security • Support activists – 3 -5 150 - 200 • Thrift and credit activities • Monitoring group performance SHGs • Micro Credit Planning SHGs SHGs SHGs SHGs SHGs • Household inv plans 10 - 15 C.B.Os implement the project Zilla Samakhaya Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various project components • Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations. • A development professional, called Community Coordinator (CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in her cluster. • SERP selects and trains them. After completion of training, they are contracted by the MS and are accountable to MS. • M.S responsible for social mobilisation, institution building and funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F • Micro credit plans are evolved by the S.H.Gs in each village. These plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and Bank Linkage. • V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans and recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F • V.Os appraise microplans and also finance them from the recycled C.I.F Mandal Samakhaya Village Organization SELF HELP GROUPS

  6. Key achievements • Community based targeting - focus on the ultrapoor • Financing the poor: • Project finance (C.I.F) – Rs.869.0 crores • Financing S.H.Gs through Banks. Rs.197.0 crores to Rs.3225 crores in 6 years – 16 fold increase. • Current year plan – Rs.6500.0 crores • Pavala vaddi • Debt swapping by banks • Strengthening asset base of the poor – investments in agriculture, livestock, non-farm, small businesses, etc

  7. Project fund management & S.H.G Bank linkages Mandal Samakhya Repayment Period Terms of Partnership (VO – MS) 100 - 120 Months Village Organization Banks Terms of Partnership (SHG – VO) 40 - 60 months Terms of Partnership (Member – SHG) SHG SHG SHG Prioritization of Needs and Members 12-24 months Members Micro Credit Plan

  8. 3. Collective marketing of agriculture, horticulture,NTFP produce and dairy To enable the poor to get fair terms of trade for their produce through their networks • Village level marketing centres managed by S.H.Gs - traditional market yards – trader centred and not fair to poor farmers • From Rs.1 cr in 01-02 to Rs.126 crs in 06 – 07. In 2007-08, marketing turnover crossed Rs.216 crs. • Intensive training to women in handling quality, logistics, finances, and marketing • Major commodities: maize, paddy, redgram, soybean, neem, groundnut, castor, coffee, cashew, NTFP, etc. • Milk – village milk collection centres and mandal level B.C.Us • Major constraint - Post harvest facilities, simple value addition and storage at village level

  9. Rabi 2007 - Paddy procurement by Village Organisations • Paddy procurement in Rabi 2007 by Village organizations at MSP in partnership with A.P.S. C.S.C • Major innovation of State Govt. to ensure M.S.P benefit reaches the small and marginal farmers • Procurement in 316 village procurement centres • Total Paddy Procured – 3.24 Lakh MT • Value of Paddy Procured– Rs. 210 Crores • Minimum benefit of Rs.800 per M.T to farmers

  10. Key achievements …contd • Community managed food security • Collective buying and supplying essential commodities to members from open market on credit. • Benefiting 16.4 lakh families by March, 2007. • Plan to cover 40.0 lakh families by March, 2008. • Each family saves Rs. 80 – Rs.120 per month • Local demand for farmers’ produce • Social risk management – 19.8 lakhs • Impact on public administration – convergence with all line departments • Extensive use of community best practitioners

  11. Community managed sustainable agriculture Context – acute crisis in agriculture • 16 out of 32 distress districts are in AP • Ever increasing costs of cultivation due to externalization of inputs specially seeds and pesticides • Increasing dependence on traders and dealers for credit • Increasing ecological costs due to high chemical use • Decreasing margins to farmers

  12. Women groups and agriculture… • In spite of vibrant women SHG movement, no significant improvement in agriculture based livelihoods • Marketing intervention was the first major intervention - but not the complete solution • Searching for the options…

  13. October, 2004 Punukula one bright star… • Farmers completely gave up pesticides adopting Non Pesticidal Management • At the village level more than Rs.50 lakhs saving every year • Reduced expenditure on health • Reduced migration • More opportunities for farming leasing in lands • No suicides after NPM intervention

  14. Challenge : Can small experiences be scaled up ? • Relevance of small experiences on a wider scale • Availability of resources locally • Farmers willingness • institutional and support systems • supplementing farmers’ Knowledge and enhancing the skills • Reducing the time of transformation • Reaching to larger areas

  15. Non Pesticidal Managment • It is a paradigm shift in moving from input centric model to knowledge and skill based model. It involves making best use of natural resources locally available and take best advantage of the natural processes. • A “system that maintains the insect populations at levels below those causing economic injury, by having healthy crop and managing the population dynamics in the crop ecosystem” • Farmer gains control over inputs – reduce dependence on external inputs

  16. WASSAN December 2004Piloting institutional model... • Piloting NPM as a livelihood intervention in Kosgi MMS during 2004 • Farmers trained systematically and technical support provided in the form of coordinators • In 225 acres, average savings of Rs. 1200/acre on Red gram the total savings were Rs.2,75,000

  17. The reach… 2005-06 • 10 districts • 450 villages • 25 thousand acres • 15 thousand farmers 2006-07 • 17 districts • 1050 villages • 2.0 lakh acres • 80 thousand farmers 2007-08 • 18 districts • 1500 villages • 5 lakh acres • 1.5 lakh farmers …aiming to reach 25 lakh acres across crops in all districts of AP in five years

  18. The design… • Village Organization and Mandal Mahila Samakya taking the lead role • Village activist for every village • Cluster coordinator for a cluster of five villages • MMS enter into agreement with NGOs to provide technical support • 89 N.G.Os as partners • No Chemical Pesticide use • Enabling environment • Campaign on ill effects of pesticides, understanding pests, and ecosystem • Small enterprises to provide neem powder, NPV etc • Farmers as resource persons

  19. Economic Advantages 2004-05

  20. KAMADHENU RMG Restoration of Natural Balance The data of harmful vs. beneficial insects in cotton (10 weeks data)

  21. KRUSHI Comparative Cost benefit analysis between NPM and Non-NPM Cotton, Karimnagar

  22. One cluster of Anantapur where pesticide usage is low (2005-06) RIDS

  23. Out of Debt Trap Ramachandrapuram, A Tribal Village in Khammam Dist, AP • 100 farm families caught in debt trap • Vicious cycles of pesticides • Lands to given away to dealers and working in their fields on lease and as labor • Results • 7 quintals of yield in cotton • Net profit of Rs. 7000/- to Rs. 10000/- • Farmers able to sell their products freely Proper support can bring back life to Villages

  24. Savings 2006-07 Cost of N.P.M extension – less than Rs.4.0 crores

  25. Impacts… • Reduction in cost of cultivation: interest could be created in the farmers more than 70 % reduction in pesticide usage. The farmers could save up to Rs. 2000/- in rice, groundnut, redgram, Rs. 5000/- in cotton and Rs. 13000/- in chillies • Pesticide free villages: Nearly 12 pesticide free villages in Anantapur, Khammam, Needs to be documented • Organic Villages: Gurrapukonda and few more villages in Madakasira became organic

  26. RAKSHANA, IRDS • Chillies in 1200 acres • Savings on pest management more than 15,000 • Hon’ble Minister for Commerce Dr. Jairam Ramesh sets target to bring 50 % of chilli area in the state under NPM in next five years • Spices Board came forward to invest 50 % of its budget in AP on NPM

  27. Community Managed Seed Banks • Pilot in 10 villages in Ananthpur district • Village self sufficiency as goal • Farmers produced and VO helped to distribute among the farmers • Good quality seed, in time • Subsidy was extended by dept to one village • Focus on • Seed retention than replacement • selecting, saving, storing, sharing and reusing • Increasing crop and genetic diversity • Networking the seed banks • 2007-08 seed banks in 70 villages-wide variety of crops

  28. Opportunities for Agril.workers • NPM service centers • Village enterprises • Agril. Labour leasing land and doing NPM • Increase in labor man days • Seed production • Fodder production • Neem procurement and selling

  29. Learning… • Confidence on ecological models of agriculture increased • NPM a good stepping stone • Complete paradigm shift in understanding and supporting agriculture is required • Ecological and economic costs of externalization of inputs enormous • Loosing control over seed is suicidal • Moving to organic is the way forward • Strong natural resource base is required for sound ecological farming • Many more experiences can be tried • Policy support is required now…

  30. Constraints… • Natural Resources • Human Resources • Issues beyond control of farmers • Shifts in land use pattern • GM crops (case of Bt cotton seed) • Loosing control over resources like seed, water etc • Liberalization impacts • Climate change

  31. Community Managed Organic Farming Proposal : • to bring 10 lakh ha under organic farming in rainfed areas in 5000 villages • covering 10 lakh farm families • Village level collaboration between women S.H.Gs, farmers, and N.G.Os Objective: to increase net incomes for small & marginal farmers in rainfed areas Additional Central Assistance: Rs.182.0 crores over 5 years (Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana or National Agriculture Development Fund-Rs. 25,000) • Benefits per ha – Rs.5,400 • Total benefits: Rs.1485 crores over 5 years

  32. Community managed organic farming End-to-end solution: seed to marketing • Technical support from KVKs, Agri Dept • 1st step - Non pesticidal management, move to organic farming over a period of 5 years • Seed banks - self sufficiency in cereals, pulses and oilseeds • Farmer driven extension systems, best practising farmers, village level farmer activists • Institutional Credit through S.H.G – bank linkage • Integration with N.R.E.G.S for soil fertility improvement and moisture conservation

  33. Moving forward… • Enhancing and Managing Natural Resources • Improving the soil health and productivity • Focus on vegetables • Community Resource Persons – best practitioners • Convergence with Star Procurement Centres • Convergence with Food Security Program • Convergence with NREGA • Convergence with KVKs, ATMAs, Horticulture Mission, Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Agriculture University

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