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Motor Skills

Motor Skills. 0 - 9 Years. Basic Principles of Motor Development. Due to brain development & environment Head to toe Proximal to distal Bilateral to unilateral Gross to fine. Reflexes & Cortical Control. Birth: flexion & spinal level reflexes 0-4 months: increasing extension

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Motor Skills

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  1. Motor Skills 0 - 9 Years

  2. Basic Principles of Motor Development • Due to brain development & environment • Head to toe • Proximal to distal • Bilateral to unilateral • Gross to fine

  3. Reflexes & Cortical Control • Birth: flexion & spinal level reflexes • 0-4 months: increasing extension • 4-6 months: brain stem reflexes, increasing volition • 6-15 months: mid-brain reflexes & beginning cortical control • 12 months: cortical control

  4. Signs of Abnormalities • Muscle tone: high or low • Asymmetry • Primitive reflexes • Quality & quantity of movement • Motor milestones: large variability

  5. Early Motor Skill Development for Printing • 2 years: whole arm movement, fisted grasp with wrist extension, hand preference beginning, switching of hand dominance • 3 years: index finger along top of pencil, 4-fingered grasp • 4 years: establishing hand dominance, static tripod

  6. Early Motor Skill Development for Printing • 5 years: dominance established, static tripod becoming dynamic tripod • 6 years: dynamic tripod, tight grip, excess pressure • 7 years: rapid & accurate movement of thumb, index, & middle, appropriate pressure

  7. Motor Components for Printing • Proximal stability • Forearm position • Wrist extension • Palmar arching • Motor separation of 2 sides of hand • Mary Benbow, OTR/L

  8. Motor Components for Printing • Isolated movement of thumb • Isolated movement of fingers • Maintain thumb web space • Rapid & accurate movement of thumb, index & middle digits as a unit

  9. Skill Development for Printing • Bilateral coordination & finger movement: snap beads, sewing cards, stringing beads, nuts & bolts, construction toys, play dough • Proximal stability: push-pull toys, gross motor • Wrist extension & proximal stability: easels, white boards, games on wall • Short crayons, crayons with rounded ends • Water/bubble guns, penny held by ring & little fingers, cloths pin games

  10. Skill Development for Printing • Correct desk & chair: 90, 90, 90, 90 • Slant board or binder with clip • Alternative pencil grasp • Pencil grippers • Handi-writer • Handwriting Without Tears - Jan Olsen in pudding, sand, jello powder

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