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Summary of First Aid/CPR/AED Guidelines Changes

Summary of First Aid/CPR/AED Guidelines Changes. David Markenson, MD, FAAP, EMT-P Jonathan Epstein, MEMS, NREMT-P March 3, 2011. Housekeeping. Questions will be answered during live chat at 2 pm ET in the Networking Lounge Click on the “expand” button to enlarge the slides

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Summary of First Aid/CPR/AED Guidelines Changes

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  1. Summary ofFirst Aid/CPR/AED Guidelines Changes David Markenson, MD, FAAP, EMT-P Jonathan Epstein, MEMS, NREMT-P March 3, 2011

  2. Housekeeping • Questions will be answered during live chat at 2 pm ET in the Networking Lounge • Click on the “expand” button to enlarge the slides • Click on the “files” button to download the presentation • This presentation will be available on demand and as a podcast for the next 3 months

  3. ECC Revisions Overview • Every 5 years experts from around the world review first aid and emergency care procedures • The goal is to determine if any new discoveries affect the way care is delivered • Guidelines and program materials are updated accordingly

  4. Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council • Multi-disciplinary panel comprised of more than 30 volunteer professionals • The goal of the Council is to assure that Red Cross courses, training materials and products utilize the latest scientific and technical information available

  5. CPR: The Big Picture . . . • Emphasis on quickly getting to compressions for anyone in cardiac arrest • Rescue breaths remain important for infants and children and others with respiratory emergencies

  6. By-standers • Hands-Only CPR • For witnessed sudden collapse of any person • Step of opening the airway eliminated • Check for responsiveness, call 9-1-1, and quickly look for breathing. If no breathing, give continuous chest compressions. Push hard and fast in the middle of the chest.

  7. Workplace Responders (OSHA-compliant) • Full CPR: Adults • Initial 2 rescue breaths eliminated • Full CPR: Children and Infants • Retain 2 initial rescue breaths with the exception of a witnessed sudden collapse in which case you would skip the 2 initial rescue breaths

  8. Professional Rescuers • Full CPR • Emphasis on quickly checking for breathing and a pulse • Rescue breathing skill retained • For adults, initial 2 ventilations (rescue breaths) eliminated

  9. Workplace and Professional Rescuers • CPR Technique • For children, use 2 hands and compress the chest about 2 inches • For infants, compress the chest about 1½ inches

  10. Workplace and Professional Responders • AEDs • AED protocols remain the same • Use an AED as soon as possible

  11. Professional Rescuers • Giving Ventilations/Using a BVM • This should only be done as a 2-person skill

  12. First Aid: Medical Emergencies • Epi • A second dose of an epinephrine auto-injector should be given if signals of anaphylaxis persist after a few minutes and advanced medical care is delayed • Positioning • Simplified approach to positioning a person who is unconscious, but breathing. Generally, the person should not be moved from a face-up position • Shock • It’s best to leave the person lying flat and not elevate the legs

  13. First Aid: Environmental Emergencies • Heatstroke • Rapid cooling for heat stroke by cold water immersion is preferred method with carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions recommended for rehydration • Frostbite • Care for minor frostbite can be as simple as rewarming by skin-to-skin contact; with warm water immersion recommended for more serious frostbite

  14. First Aid: Environmental Emergencies • Bites • Care for any venomous snake bite is now the same and includes a pressure immobilization bandage • Irrigation of animal or human bites with large amounts of clean water or saline can minimize the risk of infection • Use vinegar to prevent further envenomations followed by hot water immersion for reducing pain. If hot water is not available, pack with sand

  15. First Aid: Injuries • Bleeding • Direct pressure continues to be the most effective method of control • Tourniquets • Can be used as a last resort if direct pressure fails, is not possible or where response from EMS is delayed • Topical hemostatic agents • Can be considered at the professional rescuer level if direct pressure and tourniquets are not possible

  16. First Aid: Injuries • Spinal injuries • Manually support the head and neck in the position found without movement or alignment with the body, except in the case of compromised airway • Muscle/bone/joint injuries • Use RICE (Rest, Immobilize, Cold and Elevate). Angulated fractures should not be straightened

  17. Live Chat: Ask the Experts Participate in a live chat about the science changes with Red Cross experts who helped craft the new guidelines. • Networking Lounge: 2 pm ET • Experts: Dr. Eunice Singletary and Dr. Andrew MacPherson

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