Presentation Transcript

1. National and Regional Law Firm Offices: Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and West Virginia 280 Lawyers (40 in Intellectual Property, 160 in Litigation, 100 in Business/Tax/Real Estate/Banking, etc.) Clients: 60 Foreign clients with offices in the USA Clients: 60 Non-U.S. clients who do business in the USA without official offices Large Midwest USA Automotive Practice 地区性和全国性律师事务所 办事机构：俄亥俄州、肯塔基州、宾夕法尼亚州和西弗吉尼亚州 400名律师（知识产权律师：40名，诉讼律师：160名，商业/税务/房地产/金融业律师：100名） 客户：60家在美国设立分支机构的外国客户 客户：60家在美国经营但无法定办公地点的非美国客户 DINSMORE & SHOHL LLP
2. Telephone 1-513-977-8144 Facsimile 1-513-977-8423 At Dinsmore & Shohl for more than 18 years Georgetown University A.B. Cum Laude 1982 Columbia University, Masters International Affairs, Magna Cum Laude 1984 University of Cincinnati, Juris Doctor, Order of the Coif 1987 Please do not hesitate to ask questions during our presentation and afterward by e-mail or telephone 电话： 1-513-977-8144 传真： 1-513-977-8423 在Dinsmore & Shohl 工作18年以上 1982年 乔治敦大学 A.B 优异成绩 1984年 哥伦比亚大学国际事务硕士 特级优等生毕业 1987年 辛辛那提法学博士 优等生毕业 如有任何问题，请在演示期间随时提问或在会后通过电子邮件或电话与我们联系 Harvey Jay Cohen, Esq.harvey.cohen@dinslaw.com
3. Close working Relationship with State Governments Corporate/Real Estate/ Tax Unions and Employment Intellectual Property and Franchising/Distribution/Sales Retirement Plans Immigration Litigation Automotive
4. Many services provided are faster, easier and cheaper in the USA ... Lawyers Accountants Banks Registrations with the Government; No Approvals Regulation of products is less stringent in many areas. This laxity varies greatly depending on the type of products and whether they are for sale to consumers or businesses Distribution of products, even across and into a vast market Taxes, unemployment insurance 在美国，许多服务更加快捷、简单和费用更低… 律师 会计师 银行 注册登记 在很多行业，与产品相关的法规越来越宽松，而其程度根据产品类型的不同以及产品是否面向消费者而有所差异 产品向美国这一巨大市场的销售 税收、失业保险 BUSINESS:Principal Questions for Chinese/Non U.S. companies doing business in the USA
5. Competition is less regulated Use of Distributors and Sales Agents as an entry strategy Termination of Distribution and Sales Agent contracts without fear of large damages. This can vary depending on the state Labor less organized into strong unions, less regulated Discharge/Termination of employees is less complex and costly Private ownership of real estate with no government regulation. Private buying and selling of companies (manufacturing or services), and private equity investment in companies, all with no government regulation. A proven entry strategy 对竞争的监管程度较低 使用经销商或销售代理作为进入美国市场的战略 在无需担心发生大额损害赔偿的情况下终止经销合同和代理合同 根据各州情况不同而有所差异 工会组织不强大，监管程度较低 解雇员工的程序更加简单并且成本更低 房地产的私人所有无政府监管 公司（制造业或服务业）和公司的私人股票投资的私人买卖无政府监管 一个成熟的市场进入战略 Principal Questions for Chinese/Non U.S. companies doing business in the USA (continued)
6. Huffy Corporation (our client), bicycles and Tommy Armour golf equipment; 30% equity bought out of bankruptcy by Chinese suppliers. Buying assets of a company in bankruptcy is another proven entry strategy for Chinese investors Negatives: Tendency to threaten and begin lawsuits/litigation Product Liability Insurance Huffy 公司（我们的客户）经营自行车和Tommy Armour 高尔夫球设备，中国供应商通过破产收购购买了该公司30％的股权。收购破产企业是中国投资者的另一个成熟的市场进入战略。 负面影响：可能导致诉讼 产品责任险 Principal Questions for Chinese/Non U.S. companies doing business in the USA (continued)
7. Always use a top-notch local lawyer, not just a Los Angeles or New York lawyer, etc. (2-3 times expense) A Delaware Corporation is not necessary For example, Procter & Gamble, large oil companies and other U.S. large companies are Ohio corporations. The vast majority of public corporations are not Delaware corporations Do not double your expenses and administrative burden 选择本地一流律师，而不是只选择洛杉矶或纽约的律师 不一定在特拉华州成立公司 例如，宝洁公司和其他一些大型企业在俄亥俄州注册。绝大多数上市股份公司未在特拉华州注册 不要大幅度增加费用和管理负担 Entry into the US, Initial Advice
8. Hire an Accountant/Tax advisor, register patents and trademarks and fulfill immigration formalities Create a PRC or offshore subsidiary to make U.S. sales or to own the U.S. entities, isolate the mother company from liability from the USA 聘请会计师/税务顾问、注册专利和商标、办理移民手续 成立中国分公司或离岸分公司经营在美国的销售业务或对在美国成立的实体进行控股、免除母公司在美国的义务 First steps
9. Uniform Commercial Code (state law on sales) Each state has its own Corporation/Business Code Each state is different in some ways, some important and some insignificant 统一商法典 （州销售法） 各州都设有自己的公司法和商法 各州的法律各不相同，既有重大差异，也有微小差异 State vs. Federal (Washington, D.C.) Law
10. Competition/Anti-Trust rules are liberal/lax No agreement between competitors on price 有关竞争/反托拉斯的法规比较宽松 竞争者不得建立价格同盟 Competition
11. It is difficult to recover lent money or accounts receivable, as federal and state laws favor the debtor, especially in bankruptcy 由于联邦法律和州法律倾向于保护债务人的利益，债权人收回借款或应收帐款比较困难，特别是在破产案件中 Credit
12. Retain Security Interests/Collateral in inventory, equipment, etc. Credit Insurance Use a well-drafted contract with tight payment terms You can demand interest up to typically 18%/year, depending on state law 保留库存产品和设备的担保权益/抵押权 信用保险 采用严谨的合同和严格的付款条款 在不违反相关法律的条件下商定不超过年息18％的借款利率 Protect Yourself
13. It is often said that this is a problem in the USA, and it is true Lawyers for victims are not paid by the hour, but take 33% of all awards Product liability insurance is essential Again, it is key to operate in an affiliated structure, reducing risk to the parent 人们常说产品责任在美国是一个难题，而事实确实如此 受害人的律师通常不按小时收费，而收取受害人最终获得的赔偿金额的33％ 必须投保产品责任险 分支机构经营的策略同样非常重要，这种策略可以降低母公司的风险 Product Liability
14. The UN convention on the International Sales of Goods (CISG) applies in the USA. Pay attention. If a governing law clause in a contract designates a State (UCC) or PRC law, without specifically opting out of the CISG, the CISG will control and apply as the CISG automatically substitutes for state or PRC law. Pay attention to these clauses and opt out of the CISG if you wish. 联合国国际货物销售公约（CISG)同样适用于美国。需要注意的是，如果合同中的管辖法律条款指定美国法律（统一商法典）或中华人民共和国法律为管辖法律，而未明确排除联合国国际货物销售公约，联合国国际货物销售公约将自动取代美国法律或中华人民共和国法律。 请注意上述条款，并在需要的情况下排除联合国国际货物销售公约。 Sales Laws
15. In contracts, it is possible: To be silent on venue Or to designate a PRC tribunal, i.e., Peoples Court of Beijing Or to choose a State/County court in the U.S. Or to choose mediation Or to choose arbitration Or to require business executives escalation between the parties before commencing litigation 在合同中可能出现下列情况： 不规定审判地点， 或指定一个中国法院（如北京人民法院）或指定一个美国州法院或县法院 或选择调解 或选择仲裁 或规定在开始诉讼前由双方更高级别的管理人员进行协商 Jurisdiction/Courts
16. Insist that all contracts be complete and signed. Avoid verbal contracts or those on “scrap paper”/“cocktail napkins” In the USA you can choose the law to apply Conclusion: Freedom of contract is the rule in the U.S. You should use this freedom to your advantage 坚持要求完成和签署所有合同。避免口头合同或非正式合同。 在美国可以选择适用法律 结论：合同自由是美国的规则，您可以充分利用这一规则保护自己的利益。 Form of Contracts
17. You can limit damages to the value of the products or services sold You can limit warranties, e.g., the only warranty is performance to specifications for 90 days You can limit types of damages, e.g., eliminate consequential, indirect and punitive damages You can have an internal statute of limitations, e.g., after one year an aggrieved party cannot sue the other party It is possible to exclude all other guarantees/warranties, sometimes it is even possible to sell “as is” without a warranty 您可以限制产品或服务的损害赔偿金额 您可以对产品保证进行限制，例如，产品性能保证限制在90天之内 您可以限制损害赔偿的类型，例如取消间接、直接和惩罚性损失赔偿 您可以规定一个内部追诉期，如规定受损害方在一年之后不得起诉另一方 可以取消所有其他保证/保修，在某些情况下甚至可以“按现状销售”，而不承诺任何保证。 Contract Clauses
18. Use a carefully written-contract Keep the term short No automatic renewals Register all marks, URLs, patents, etc Non-competition clauses are essential and may continue after expiration/termination Minimum sales levels to retain exclusivity Use a list of objective standards, which if breached, leads to termination You can terminate a Distributor or Sales Representative Agreement more simply than in other countries with less fear of damages. This result, depends on state law. Franchises are regulated at the state and National Level 精心制作合同 条款简明扼要 无自动续订条款 注册所有商标、URLs和专利 必须签订竞业禁止合同，竞业禁止合同可以在合同到期/终止后继续有效 设置独家代理权所需的最低销售数量 列出各种客观标准，如违反相关标准将导致合同终止 在美国终止经销协议或代理销售协议的程序较其他国家更加简单，无需担心损害赔偿。但各州法律存在差异。 Distributors/Re-Sellers and Sales Representatives
19. Corporation Limited Liability Company (LLC) General Partnership (Partnership) Branch office of foreign entity (Branch) 公司 有限责任公司 (LLC) 普通合伙 (合伙) 外国实体的分支机构(分支机构) Entities
20. All forms of entity are granted/governed on receipt by states. No application process, approvals, financial statements, feasibility studies, etc. In Ohio, this happens on same day service. No approval for foreign partnership. US state laws in general are more liberal, less regulatory and less rigid, especially the LLC (you can almost do anything from a governance standpoint Little or no required capitalization No requirement for an annual audit or filing of financial statements The identity of officers and directors is secret Financial results are secret 各州在收到申请后将立即批准各种形式的实体，无需申请程序、审批、财务报表或可行性研究报告。在俄亥俄州，实体的注册在一天内完成。 总的来讲，美国各州的法律比较宽松，特别是对于有限责任公司来说（从监管角度将，您几乎可以从事任何业务） 无资产要求或只要求极少的资产 无需提供年度审计报告或财务报表 公司高级管理人员和董事的身份保密 财务数据保密 Articles of a Company filed with State Government
21. In general, it is more simple, fast, easy, less regulated and cheaper to do business in the USA If you need assistance in the USA, please call us early in the process to use us to your maximum advantage. 总的来讲，在美国做生意更加简单、快捷、法律更加宽松和成本更低 如果您在美国做生意期间需要帮助，请与我们联系，我们将为您提供最大的便利 Conclusion