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What does your reality look like?

What does your reality look like?. … jagged golf clubs?. … soccer comets?. … shredded letters?. …’noisy’ images?. … a contoured sky?. … blocks everywhere?. … stretched images?. The Real World is Difficult to Replicate. Reality is Analog. Low-angle jaggies. Slow pixel response.

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What does your reality look like?

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  1. What does your reality look like?

  2. … jagged golf clubs?

  3. … soccer comets?

  4. … shredded letters?

  5. …’noisy’ images?

  6. … a contoured sky?

  7. … blocks everywhere?

  8. … stretched images?

  9. The Real World is Difficult to Replicate Reality is Analog

  10. Low-angle jaggies Slow pixel response Primitive de-interlacing Incorrect image resizing Contouring Poor scaling The Real World is Difficult to Replicate Modern TV’s are Digital

  11. Resolution Color Palette ∞ Infinite Refresh Rate Reality – The Ultimate Benchmark All TVs are Striving to Express the Richness of our Infinite Reality

  12. Video Processing Broadcast HDTV Standard Video Format Resolution and Rate Display Size and Technology ATSC 1080i VGA Plasma 1080p WVGA 720p 60 fps SVGA LCD ARIB W480i 30 fps WSVGA W480p 24 fps DLP XGA 480i WXGA DVB 480p LCoS Video Processing is a Complex World

  13. Different sources output different signals Scope traces comparing outputs from three name-brand DVD players Player 1: 760mV Player 2: 740mV Player 2: 680mV

  14. DNX™ — Digital Natural Expression • DNX embodies Pixelworks’ core philosophy:Every stage of video processing must be optimized! • Optimally tuned TVs deliver clear, natural looking video:Video is only as good as its weakest processor! Tuner Performance De-interlacing Scaling Noise Reduction PixelBoost Sharpness Color Performance Screen Geometry

  15. Smoothing Low-Angle Edges • What causes ‘jaggies’? • Inherent to pixelated displays • Low angles emphasize the pixel matrix • Some algorithms ‘paint’ imagesthat are primitive and place pixels crudely • DNX™ LAI technology • Globally optimize angles • Look at multiple video lines and applysmoothing algorithms • Use more information to make better decisions

  16. Improving Pixel Response Rate • What causes ‘comet tails’? • LCDs cannot keep up with fast-moving objects • LCD response time is slower than CRTs • LCD pixels turn on/off at 20 milliseconds • CRTs are much faster • LCD response time is asymmetric • Pixels turned-on at a different rate than turned-off • DNX™ PixelBoost technology • Compensate slow LCD response time byadaptively over-driving pixels • Manipulate the video signal to help a panel display it more accurately • Algorithm based on motion origin, velocityand direction • Significantly improved apparent motion sharpness (no blurring)

  17. Perfecting Interlaced Video • What causes ‘combing’ or ‘tearing’? • Pixelated displays use progressive scan • Traditional interlaced video sends odd/even fields separately • Accommodate limited transmission bandwidth when CRT TV technology was designed • Send higher resolution with lower bandwidth • Still images and moving images need to be processed differently • DNX™ Deinterlacing technology • Use more information to make dynamic decisions about the optimal algorithm to apply • Look ahead several frames to project movement of objects • Intelligently apply optimal algorithm mix (motion and still image algorithms) on apixel-by-pixel basis

  18. Odd Field Even Field Frame 1 Frame 2 Perfecting Interlaced Video

  19. Perfecting Interlaced Video Frame 1 Frame 2

  20. Frame 1 Frame 2 Perfecting Interlaced Video

  21. Interlaced, Film-Based Images Directed by Chris Bright Cast Stuart……John Smith Ann ……Mary Jones Romeo ……Tom Turner Trish ……Melanie Charles • What causes motion ‘judder’? • Most digital displays in the U.S. refreshat 60 times/sec while film is 24 frames/sec • Film is converted to video using a TeleCine encoder • Judder results from duplicating every 5th field • Problems result if pattern is misidentified or content transitions in and out of film/video • DNX™ Deinterlacing technology • Look ahead several frames to detect film cadence • Instantly and accurately transition between correct film/video modes • Smooth out judder by adding a field to make the cadence match video

  22. DNX™ Deinterlacing Core Technologies • Up to 1080i to 1080p motion adaptive deinterlacing • High quality motion adaptive video de-interlacing • Any interlaced video input resolution up to 1080i • 3:2/2:2 pull-down film content detection and decodingfor SDTV & HDTV • Motion Adaptive Deinterlacing • Dynamic Edge Enhancement • Spatial Noise Reduction • Adaptive Temporal Noise Reduction • Black Level Expansion

  23. Rendering Color in a Digital Palette • What causes ‘color banding’ or ‘contouring’? • Digital quantization results in discrete color stepsin gradients • 8-bit = 2563 shades of red, green, blue • CRTs are analog displays • They can represent color spectrums naturally • LCDs are digital displays • Need special technology to display a rich color spectrum • DNX™ Rich Color Processing technology • First low-cost technology to process 1 billion colors • 10-bit = 10243 shades of red, green, blue • Expands available color space from 16 million to1 billion colors • Remap color palette intelligently to optimize content appearance to model-specific variations in LCD displays

  24. 10-bit Processing  1 Billion Colors 8-bit equals 256 color steps (256 x 256 x 256 = 16.8 million) 10-bit equals 1024 color steps (1024 x 1024 x 1024 = 1.07 billion)

  25. Making Images Fit on the Display • Why do the pictures look out of focus or blocky? • Typical situation when the resolution of the image and the display do not match • DNX™ Advanced Scaling technology • Add or subtract information to compute images that exactly fill the screen • Continuously optimize content to specific display resolution and aspect ratio • Award-winning interpolation technology • Support for extended sharpness range Illustration of Upscaling

  26. Filling the Screen Intelligently • What causes images to ‘stretch’? • Occurs when the aspect ratio of the image and the display do not match • Proliferate as widescreen TVs become popular • DNX™ Advanced Scaling technology • Intelligently stretch traditional 4:3 content to fill a widescreen display • Select optimal scaling option • Horizontal, vertical, anamorphic, multi-region • Support multi-region non-linear scaling • Scale different parts of the screen individually • 5 bands and 3 rows

  27. Filling the Screen Intelligently Original 4:3 Content Linear Expansion to 16:9

  28. Progressive Progressive No Change Filling the Screen Intelligently Original 4:3 Content Non-Linear Expansion to 16:9

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