Pre-departure - Guests

1. Pre-departure - Guests • Informing your guests, before you leave dock • Use and location of safety equipment • SBG pg 20 Advantage Boating, 2011

2. Safe Fueling • Before you leave Base • When at a Fuel Dock “Safe Boating Guide”, page 15 ** Most common mechanical failure is running out of fuel ** The Fuel Rule of “Thirds” Third - Out, Third - Back, Third – In reserve! Advantage Boating, 2011

3. Heavy Weather Precautions that need to be taken • have everyone wear their PFD • ensure crew know responsibilities • secure all loose gear • check that boat is balanced • ensure that bilge is dry • check location of emergency gear • record your position on the chart • turn on navigational lights • check charts for alternate shelter options Advantage Boating, 2011

4. Reduced Visibility Actions to be taken • slow down • make correct sound signal (as per Collision Regulations) • turn on navigational lights • post a lookout • listen for other boats • check your charts Advantage Boating, 2011

5. Safe Anchorage Prerequisites for a Good Anchorage • Sufficient depth • Protected from the wind & waves • Not a lee shore • Good holding ground • Suitable for anchor type • Sufficient room to swing • Out of the main channel Advantage Boating, 2011

6. Anchorages Where not to anchor or tie up to… • In a Narrow Channel • In a Swimming Area • Up to a Navigation Aid • Underwater cables Advantage Boating, 2011

7. How to Anchor • Ensure anchor secure to rode & rode secure to boat • Bow into the wind • Full stop of the boat – no forward movement • Lower anchor slowly – no throwing • With anchor on bottom reverse slowly as line is eased out to required length and secure • With rode secure – final set of the anchor under power • Scope Ratios – 3:1 5:1 7:1 Advantage Boating, 2011

8. Anchor Rode Ratios Advantage Boating, 2011

9. Emergencies • Most common non-fatal accident – collision between boats • Most common fatal accident – involve capsize • 40% of the fatal accidents involve alcohol • Leading cause of deaths in boating accidents -not wearing PFD’s. So wear them all the time! Advantage Boating, 2011

10. Emergencies • Springing a leak • Steering failure • Dragging an anchor • Capsizing of the boat • Running aground • Engine failure • Fire/explosion • Crew overboard Advantage Boating, 2011

11. 1 - Springing a Leak Stop Boat - engine in neutral Start the Pumps Find the Leak Plug the Leak Work your way back to safety - shore Advantage Boating, 2011

12. 2 - Steering Failure Stop Boat – lower the anchor Trouble Shoot the cause Find Solution • Re-attach or tighten • Tape Together • Jury Rig Advantage Boating, 2011

13. 3 - Dragging Anchor • Let out more rode • If all rode out use a “kellet” • See next slide for kellet diagram Still Dragging • Start motor and retrieve • Check anchor not fouled with weeds or rock • Re-set Advantage Boating, 2011

14. To Kellet your Anchor Advantage Boating, 2011

15. 4 - Running Aground Check the safety of the crew Shut engine off right away Inspect for damage Attempt to re-float Push off with paddles or yourself Pull off using engine Pull off with anchor (Kedge) Lighten the boat Heel the boat Tow off Once floating try engine Advantage Boating, 2011

16. 5 - Engine Failure If the engine will not re-start immediately -- lower the anchor as quickly as possible. Now start working through the Trouble Shooting guide attached to transom of each boat! Advantage Boating, 2011

17. 6 - Fire/Explosion Sound Alarm & Ensure Safety of Crew Use Nearest Fire Extinguisher Call for Assistance VHF Mayday and/or Call 911 Source Gases • Most dangerous gases on a boat are propane and gasoline • Also be aware of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide Advantage Boating, 2011

18. Carbon Monoxide (1) • A deadly gas that you can not see, smell or taste • Comes from burning any carbon-based fuel • Gas, oil, propane, charcoal etc. • Created by engines, heaters, cooking ranges, gas generators etc. • In through your lungs and cuts off your oxygen supply • The “Silent” Killer Advantage Boating, 2011

19. Carbon Monoxide (2) • Signs & Symptoms • Itchy eyes • Headache • Nausea • Feeling weak or dizzy • Treatment • Remove person from the area of exposure and seek medical attention • Prevention • Fresh air circulating though the boat at all times • Install marine grade CO detector(s) • Run blowers while running a gas generator Advantage Boating, 2011

20. 7 - Capsizing of the Boat Check safety of all crew Are all PFD’s working – need other floatation device Might be possible to right boat But generally difficult Climb up onto the boat If it is not going to sink Never swim to shore Attempt to attract attention Advantage Boating, 2011

21. Cold Shock Caused by a rapid skin cooling Can kill within 3-5 min. after immersion • Initial immersion cause a huge inspiratory gasp • Severe hyperventilation /panting with no chance to hold your breath • Rapid breathing rate causes muscle spasms of the limbs and chest • All of which increases your risk of drowning • Also causes a massive increase in heart rate and blood pressure Advantage Boating, 2011

22. Hypothermia A lowering of the bodies core temperature. • What to do if you are in the water – H.E.L.P or Huddle positions • Always stay with the overturned boat • Signs of Mild and Serve hypothermia • Treatment Advantage Boating, 2011

23. Hypothermia – S&S Mild/Moderate • Shivering • Complaining of cold • Body temperature slightly below normal • Numbness • Lack of coordination and/or speech • Confused or unusual behaviour • Impaired judgment Severe • Person stops shivering • Stopped complaining of cold • Body temperature below 30 degrees • Numbness • Lack of coordination and/or speech, body feels stiff • Confused or unusual behaviour • Impaired judgment • Breathing has slowed down or stopped Advantage Boating, 2011

24. Hypothermia – Treatment Mild/Moderate / Severe • Remove the person from the cold • Get them protected from the elements • Remove wet clothing if able to provide dry clothes • Warm the person slowly, cover head and neck • If alert, provide warm liquids – no alcohol or caffeine Severe • Must provide a heat source for the warming – buddy in the sleeping bag trick! Advantage Boating, 2011

25. Heat Related Issues – S&S • Heat Exhaustion • Normal or slightly raised temperature • Moist skin • Skin redder or paler than normal • Nausea • Dizziness and weakness • Exhaustion • Heat Stroke • High temperature • Red, hot, dry skin • Irritable, bizarre or aggressive behaviour • Progressive loss of consciousness • Rapid, weak pulse becoming irregular • Rapid, shallow breathing • Seizures Advantage Boating, 2011

26. Heat Related Issues - Treatment • Heat Exhaustion • Resting in a cool location • Loosen any tight clothing • Put cool water on the skin and fan the person to increase evaporation • If conscious, sips of cool water • No more activity for the day • If condition get worst, treat for heat stroke • Heat Stroke • Resting in a cool location • Cool the body any way you can. • Sponge body, ice packs in groin, armpits, back of neck • Seek medical attention Advantage Boating, 2011

27. Heat Related Issues - Prevention • Stay hydrated – drink plenty of fluids • Dressing for the heat • Wear a hat in the sun • Avoid caffeine and alcohol • Take frequent breaks in the shade • Canadian Red Cross First Aid & CPR manual Advantage Boating, 2011

28. Distress Signals • VHF Radio –Mayday • Sound Signals • Distress Cloth • Flares - Type A, B, C, D • Flashlights • Code Flags • Dye Markers • Safe Boating Guide pg 65 Advantage Boating, 2011

29. Rendering Assistance On-the-Water • It is the law to assist other boaters in distress, as long as it does not put your vessel and crew in danger! (Canada Shipping Act) Advantage Boating, 2011

30. Towing a Boat • Set up a towing bridle • Bowlines (the knot) is your best friend • Keep the tow in a straight line • Do not tow at more than half speed • Maintain a watch of the vessel being towed • Control slack in the towline to avoid a fouled prop • If the towed boat sinks – cut the line with an axe Advantage Boating, 2011

31. Towing a Boat Advantage Boating, 2011

32. Towing - Water Sports • Driver and a separate spotter required • A seat for the person being towed aboard the vessel • If navigation lights needs to be on – then it is not legal to be towing Advantage Boating, 2011