Reforms Part 2 & Imperialism

1. Reforms Part 2 & Imperialism

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PI1xdVgTv5Q

3. Marxism socialism turned into Anarchism • Anarchism- 1814-1876 • Happened in less industrialized and less democratic countries • Countries such as Russia, Spain, Portugal, Italy use radical means to accomplish goal. • Goal: destruct the state by using violence

4. Population Growth • Population Growth 1850-1910 270 million to 460 million by 1910 rising birthrate medical discoveries, environmental factors. Emigration to US and S America. • 1880-500,000 left Europe each year • Ships crowded, uncomfortable • Urban populations grew, vast migration to cities

6. Impressionalism • Originated in France in 1870s • Group of artists rejected studios and museums and went to countryside to paint nature directly. • Shows Daily life, scenes from Paris and nature.

7. Impressionists By the 1840s, photography was emerging By the 1870s, a group of painters took out in a new direction, seeking to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye.

9. Impressionists Later painters called postimpressionists, developed a variety of styles Vincent van Gogh experimented with sharp brushes lines and bright colors George Seurat arranged small dots of color to define the shapes of objects

10. Impressionists By the 1840s, photography was emerging By the 1870s, a group of painters took out in a new direction, seeking to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye.

12. Vincent Van Gough Starry Night • Dutch Painter major figure of Post Impressionist originality and power of expression (painted in asylum before committing suicide) • Postimpressionist- light and color of Impressionist but attention to structure and form

14. Piccasso Pablo Picasso settled in Paris in 1904. Developed Cubism-geomteric styles , recreate reality in viewer’s mind.

15. Jews in European Nation State • Revival of racism • Anti Semitism-back to Middle Ages “Christ killers”, blamed for Black Deat • Jews legal equality – anti Semitism hatred of the Jews • German anti Semitic parties

18. Russian Jews • Persecutions and pogroms • Late 1800s- attacks on Jewish neighborhoods, Mobs murdered Jews and looted their homes and stores • 1903-1906 700 villages 23,00 Jews elft Russia each year. • Zionist Movement Theodor Herzel create home in Palestine

19. Exam 3 Imperialism

20. Imperialism Policy of conquering and ruling other lands Colonies acquired bc national pride and econ competition Nations competed for overseas empires. Europeans felt they had right of duty to bring progress to other countries. Effect= racism one race is superior.

21. Causes of Imperialism Industrial Revolution( manufacturers used colonies for resources) Nationalism-when one claimed area, other rivals would move by. “prestige” Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials duty to spread West. Civ. Social Darwinism used justify non western societies Africans fought Euro imperialism

22. Other countries follow Britain’s need for Colonial necessity French, Dutch Spain and Portugal in new empires in Africa Austria-Hungary- Balkans Russia- Central Asia and Sieria Belgium, Italy, Germany took overlands in Africa (Germ interested in pacific islands, and East Asia)

23. Brit leads, Germany follows Brit 1800s-most powerful country, by late 1800s Germ challenged leadership Brit looked to colonies for markets and resources.

24. US and Japan Involved in overseas expansion Us with Latin America Japan Not carved up (Like China) Started to Modernize-Modernize Japan built up military –shogun- acquires areas in East Asia. Japan made Korea colony, s of influence in China

25. Why Europeans? Strong economies, well-organized govs, powerful armies and navies., superior technology Control colonies French: direct rule French officials and soldiers sent there to impose culture. British- indirect rule In a protectorate, local rulers left in place to follow advice of European advisors.

26. Africa before colonization under rule declining Ottoman Empire Dr. David Livingstone-built schools, churches, and clinics improving lives of Africans. King Leopald II-Belgium arrange trade treaties with African leaders. Leopald’s action-Germ, Brit, France scramble for African land.

28. Euro leaders met in Berlin to divide continent of Africa. Euro expand into Africa, more land and resources. South Africa Boer War 1899-1902- Britain claimed Boer land,(Boers were decedents of Dutch farmers) Brit wanted land bc gold and diamonds discovered there. Outcome: British high casulties450,000 Britt needed to defeat 87,000 Boers

29. 3 Muslim Empires Ottoman (Mid East, Safavids, Iran(Persia), Mughals, India All three empires decline bc corruption and discontent reform and strict religious piety arose Reform movements-followers taught to resist Brit expansion Example: Egypt became protectorate of Britain Brit and Rus want oil!

30. Brit East India Company- trading of Mughal empire. By mid 1800s Brit controlled 3/5 India. Brit conquered India by exploiting diversity, competition, disunity of princes, used force Brits ended slavery and caste system. “Sun always shines on England.”

31. British dominated Indian life (whether by technology like the telegraph, emissionary efforts, 1850-Sepoy Rebellion- Indian soldiers-Sepoys Brits told Sepoys bite off tips rifle cartridges, rebellion (tips had grease, animal fat on them, agst religious rights) Brit built railroads, telegraph lines, educational societies set up Brit governor ruled India as a monarch. Indians dreamed of ending British rule.

32. China Westerners had trade deficit China (bought more than they sold to them) British traded Opium for Chinese tea Chinese- said stop drug trade! Opium War 1839 Chinese defeated- outdated weapons and fighting

33. 1849- China forced to sign treaties opening of more ports and allowing Christian missionaries in China. Internal Problems- Peasants revolted (20-30 million die) hated Qing gov Chinese mixed feelings –adopt western ways? Euro carved out spheres of influence in China Open Door Policy- US insisted Chinese trade be open everyone on equal basis.

34. Boxer Rebellion 1900- Chinese had Anti foreign feelings Many Chinese angry about foreign presence in their country(Boxers) Boxers threw a revolt, murdered Chinese converted to Christianity, raill road workers, etc. Boxers failed, nationalism increased Reformers wanted republic