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Research Design in Clinical Psychology

Research Design in Clinical Psychology. Lecture 5 Control Groups (Chapter 7 in Kazdin). Control Groups 1. No treatment control groups Helps rule out confounds such as hx or maturation, and spontaneous remission

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Research Design in Clinical Psychology

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  1. Research Design in Clinical Psychology Lecture 5 Control Groups (Chapter 7 in Kazdin)

  2. Control Groups 1 • No treatment control groups • Helps rule out confounds such as hx or maturation, and spontaneous remission • Can’t use drop-outs, as they are self-selected as opposed to randomly selected to this group • Wait-list control group • Tx given after tx period is over for group 1 • Must only use participants who in advance agree to remain in if placed in this group, otherwise, could introduce serious confounds • Three key features • No tx between pretest and end of waiting period • Waiting period must = tx period of other group • Waitlist group completes 2 rounds of preassessment & one of post

  3. Control Groups 2 • No contact control • They don’t even realize they are in the study • Nonspecific-treatment or “Attention-Placebo” control • Nonspecific factors are controlled, so the specific mechanisms of change can be somewhat isolated and evaluated • Control for common factors • Credibility is key • Could produce problems as well • Reduce faith in therapy or leads individuals to never seek real tx • Routine/Standard Treatment • All receive an acceptable tx • Limited attrition • Controls for nonspecific factors etc across intervention and control • More likely to have therapist compliance

  4. Control Groups 3 • Yoked Control • Subjects are matched to each other • Issues of construct validity should drive this decision • Nonrandomly assigned or nonequivalent control group • Patched up control group • formation of addition group for comparison w/o random assignment • Has limitations • Larger issues • In what cases are control groups unnecessary?

  5. Evaluating Psychotherapy Research 1 • Treatment Package • Does tx produce therapeutic change • Evaluate treatment as normally used • Treatment vs. no treatment or wait-list control • Dismantling Strategy • What components of a known tx are central to mechanism of change and necessary • Groups that differ on components received • Can be used to isolate one of more component • Constructive-treatment Strategy • Opposite of dismantling (kind of)

  6. Evaluating Psychotherapy Research 2 • Parametric Study • What specific changes can be made to improve treatment • Focus on dimensions (e.g., duration) • Comaprative-treatment Strategy • Which tx is more effective for a given problem • Can vary along several dimensions

  7. Evaluating Psychotherapy Research 2 • Treatment-Moderator Strategy • What characteristics are necessary for effectiveness • Gender, ethnicity etc • WHAT HAS AN EFFECT • Treatment-Mediator Strategy • Used to identify mechanisms of change in tx • W/n treatment – no comparison group • WHY IT HAS AN EFFECT

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