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Seed Plants: The Dominant Vegetation

Seed Plants: The Dominant Vegetation. Chapter 29. Evolutionary History. 360million years ago Appearance of a thick woody stem Leading to xylem Progymnosperms – 1 st vascular plants. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/progymnosperms.html. Two main groups today. Gymnosperms (pines)

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Seed Plants: The Dominant Vegetation

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  1. Seed Plants: The Dominant Vegetation Chapter 29

  2. Evolutionary History • 360million years ago • Appearance of a thick woody stem • Leading to xylem • Progymnosperms – 1st vascular plants http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/progymnosperms.html

  3. Two main groups today • Gymnosperms (pines) • Angiosperms (flowering plants)

  4. Common characteristics • Sporophyte is the plant (2n) • Gametophyte (n) are the male and female structures. • Xylem and phloem • No water necessary for fertilization http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biotechnology_biology_chemistry/plant_life_cycles.php

  5. Gymnosperms • “Naked seeds” • Cone producers • Cycads, ginkos, conifers

  6. Gymnosperms http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/gymnospr.htm

  7. Angiosperms

  8. gametophyte • Ovule- (megagametophyte) egg develops into seed • The pollen grains (microgameotphyte) are the sperm

  9. Angiosperm success • Fertilization within the ovule • Double fertilization, two nuclei, • Second nuclei creates the endosperm to nourish the embryo http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~plantbio/osu_pcmb/pcmb_lab_resources/pcmb300lamb_au2010/03-15_SeedStructures.html

  10. Angiosperm success • Have flowers and fruits • Complex phloem • Ovule and seeds enclosed, protected by carpels

  11. Life cycle of angiosperms • http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=94&detID=2195

  12. Important terms 2 main angiosperm clades: • Monocots • Single embryonic cotyledon • Corn seed • Dicots (eudicots) • Two cotyledons • Bean seed

  13. Plants are important • Ecosystem services • Primary producers • Source of medicine http://www.duke.edu/web/soc142/team3/Group%20Rice/History.htm

  14. References • Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Berenbaum. 2010. Life the Science of Biology. WHFreeman and Co., Gordonsville, VA

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