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Harvesting of Oil Palm- An Ambitious task behind Ag. Engineers

Harvesting of Oil Palm- An Ambitious task behind Ag. Engineers. By Kusuma Guturu , II M.Tech , Dept. of Farm machinery & Power, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq ). It is a tree without branches but with many wide leaves at its top

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Harvesting of Oil Palm- An Ambitious task behind Ag. Engineers

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  1. Harvesting of Oil Palm- An Ambitious task behind Ag. Engineers By KusumaGuturu, II M.Tech, Dept. of Farm machinery & Power, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

  2. Oil palm(ElaeisguineensisJacq) • It is a tree without branches but with many wide leaves at its top • Native – West Africa • Cultivable area under oil palm: 15 million ha. (2009) • Area under oil palm (2009 – 10): 1,55,203 ha • India – 80% in A.P. and Karnataka • Economic life span: 25 – 30 years • No . of plantations : 140 – 150 per ha • Planting procedure: staggered • Plantation starts to produce fruits after 3 – years

  3. According to world trade journal…. • Global production of oils & fats – 30% (48 million tonnes) • Global consumption – 25% • International trade in veg. oils - 60% • Thrives well at • 29° – 30°C (max) • 22° - 24°C (min) • Rain fall: 2500 – 4000 mm • Humidity: >80% • Sunshine: not <5 h/day • Soils: moist, deep, loamy and alluvial • Height : 7 – 13 m • Diameter: 45 – 65 cm • Fruit bunch weight: 15 – 25 kg • Duration of harvesting: 10 – 15 days • Problem statement

  4. Fig: Oil Palm plantation

  5. Institutes working on the problem: • DOPR • CIAE • TNAU • MOPB • State Agricultural universities

  6. DOPR 1 and DOPR -5 EN 8 Spring steel Stainless steel

  7. MOTORIZED CUTTER (MPOB) Specifications • 2-stroke petrol engine • Power : 1.3 hp • Max engine speed : 10500 RPM • Working speed : 3000 - 5000 RPM • Maximum length : 3.6m (telescopic) • Weight 7-8 kgs • Cost – 1.5 lakhs

  8. Vibrating sickle Backpack arrangement Light weight engine Sickle holder Telescopic Al shaft Speed control Flexible shaft Backpack mounted Developed by CIAE and DOPR

  9. Initial evaluation of the device Problem faced: Vibration

  10. Final Model Cost – 0.75 lakhs 2hp petrol engine Developed by CIAE –IEP and DOPR

  11. Efforts made by DOPR Adjustable height model 15+4‘ Cost- 1,00,000 Rs. Fixed height model Tractor attached high raised platform Facility developed is targeted to be used in combination for tall oil palm

  12. High Raise platform 3 ft X 3ft attached to tractor trolley High Raise platform - Height adjustable plat form to raise height by 4 ft

  13. Efforts made by DOPR Motorized cutter Hydraulic mechanism 11 ft. 3.3 m High Raise platform- Height adjustable platform operated by tractor hydraulic system

  14. Evaluation Of trolley mounted motorized oil palm equipment in combination with high raised platform

  15. Evaluation of back pack mounted motorized oil palm equipment in combination with high raised platform

  16. CIAE model Cost- 10 lakhs 8.7 KW petrol engine

  17. pneumatic oil palm harvester Vibrating sickle Cost – 1.75 lakhs 3.5 hp engine

  18. Capacity: • number of palms harvested would depend on the various factors like efficiency of operator, • number of matured bunches per plant, • orientation of bunches, • land profile, etc.

  19. Telescopic raising platform for harvesting oil palm fresh fruit bunches: A Robotic solution…… Bucket Hand lever Sliding guard Bucket sheaves Rope sheave or main pulley Idler pulleys Supporting bush Sliding bar Rotating shaft Telescopic cylinder-3 Base plate Telescopic cylinder-2 Telescopic cylinder-1 Frame Fig. A lab model for telescopic raising platform for harvesting oil palm FFB

  20. Shokipouretal., (2012) • climbing robot can carry the weight of a cutting system with a maximum of 7 kg while keeping its balance • Hydraulic power source • AC motors - driver for cutting machine • Battery – Inverter – motor • Reciprocating cutting mechanism

  21. A Robotic solution…… Fig: Carrier system and cutting machine.

  22. A Robotic solution…… Fig: Cutting system after assembling on climbing robot.

  23. Conclusions: • The manual harvesting of oil palm has its own difficulties even though energy requirement for harvesting is reduced by ergonomic refinement of the machines. • The other harvesting equipments like cantas tool, pneumatic cutter, lifting platform perform better than the manual harvesting, but they have drawbacks of less reach of height, high initial investment, inquisitive in operation. • The harvesting Robot is good substitute for all these machines and to achieve all these objectives. The research towards agricultural robotics need to be focused to achieve these ambitious goals in oil palm harvesting

  24. References: • Ahmad Hitam, Abdul RazakJelani, JohariJamak, MalikNoor, YosriGono and Omar Ariffin, 2006. CantasTM. A tool for the efficient harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. Journal of Oil Palm Research 20(3) : 548-558. • Akyrut, M., Rehbini, E., Bogis. H., Aljinaidi, A. A., 2002. A survey of mechanization efforts on date palm crown operations. The sixth saudi engineering coference, KFUPM, Dhahran, 5 : 475-489. • Kathirvel, K., Manian, R., Job, T. V., 2009. Development and evaluation of Power tiller operated ladder. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America 31(1) : 22-26. • Mohd. Basri Wahid, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah and Henson, I. E., 2004. Oil palm-achievement and potential. CDROM 13 : 1-13.

  25. Shokripour H, Ismail WIW, Moes KZ (2010)."Development of an automatic self balancing control system for a tree climbing robot" Afri. J. Agric. Res., pp. 5-21. • Shokipour H, Wan Ishak Wan Ismail, RaminShokripour and Zahra, Moezkarimi(2012), “Development of an automatic system for harvesting oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB)”Afri. J. Agric. Res., Vol. 7(17), pp. 2683-2688. • ZohadieBardaie, M., Wan Ishak Wan Isamail, 1982. Mechanization of oil palm fruits harvesting and transportation in Malaysia. Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America : 31-34.

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