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Topic 6: Lifestyle and Health Matters/ Public Health Issues

Topic 6: Lifestyle and Health Matters/ Public Health Issues. Readings. Unit 3 Gas in the GI Tract p.29~42 Superbug: Neither Supper nor a bug/ How bacteria evolve into superbugs. keywords. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (n. phr.) ： diseases relating to the tract in the stomach and intestine

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Topic 6: Lifestyle and Health Matters/ Public Health Issues

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  1. Topic 6:Lifestyle and Health Matters/ Public Health Issues

  2. Readings • Unit 3 Gas in the GI Tract p.29~42 • Superbug: Neither Supper nor a bug/ How bacteria evolve into superbugs

  3. keywords • Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (n. phr.)：diseases relating to the tract in the stomach and intestine • Superbug

  4. Discussion 1 • Have you ever experienced abdominal discomfort or pain after you have your meal? If so, what actions did you take to ease your pain?

  5. Vocabulary • Gastrointestinal(GI) tract (n. phr.): 腸胃道 • Burp (n.)(v.)/ Belch (v.):打嗝 • Bloating (n.): 鼓脹 • Flatulence (n.): 放屁 • Distention (n.): 膨脹 • Rectum (n.): 直腸 • Anus (n.): 肛門 • Celiac (adj.): 腹腔的 • Probiotics (n.): 益生菌

  6. Vocabulary • Gas pains: 脹氣疼痛 • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): 大腸激躁症 • Crohn’s Disease:Crohn’sdisease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive system, the intestines in particular. This disease can affect the digestive system anywhere from mouth to anus. • Colorectal cancer: 結直腸癌 • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): 胃食道逆流疾病 • Peptic ulcer disease: 消化性潰瘍 • Malabsorption symptom: 吸收不良症狀 • Gallstone: 膽結石 • Appendicitis: 盲腸炎 • Lactose intolerance: 乳糖不耐症

  7. Vocabulary • Acupressure: 穴位按摩 • Homeopathy: 順勢療法Homeopathy is an alternative approach to medicine based on the idea that if a large doses of a substance cause a symptom, when used in very small doses these can cure it. • Hydrotherapy: 水療法

  8. Gas in GI tract • Comes from two ways:1.swallowing air while eating, drinking or talking2.during food digestion process • Can cause abdominal discomfort or pain • Symptoms:1.burping/ belching2.flatulence/ farting3.bloating4.gas pain Ways to eliminate gas in our bodies

  9. GIdisorders • Symptoms that just mentioned sometimes indicate the presence of severe GI disorders • For instance:Bloating IBS, Crohn’s disease or colorectal cancer • Other GI disorders: malabsorption symptoms, peptic ulcer disease, GERD or intestinal obstruction

  10. Discussion 2 • What kind of food that you eat will make you feel discomfortable afterwards?

  11. Some gas prone foods -----high in carbonhydrates • Milk and other dairy products • Beans • Vegetables • Whole grain products • Fruit

  12. Suggestions to reduce symptoms • Avoid eating foods thought to cause excess gas • Having good eating habits • Taking a brisk stroll after you have your meal • Eating healthy food helps the movement of the small intestine • To avoid excessive salivation • Taking over-the-counter medicines • Seeking help from doctors

  13. Discussion 3 • What is superbug? Is it really a super bug? Superbug refers to the multi drug-resistant bacteria which consist of the gene called NDM-1.

  14. Discussion 4 • What are reasons that you think causes the exist of superbug?

  15. Vocabulary • Defy (v.): 對抗 • Imminent (adj.): 即將發生的 • Escalate (v.): 擴大 • Plasmid (n.): 質體 • Augment (v.): 擴大 • Pathogen (n.): 流行病 • Indiscriminately (adv.): 不區別地 • Predecessor (n.): 先輩

  16. Main idea • Because of an ongoing competition between bacteria that cause illness and drugs that are designed to kill them, bacteria have been developing resistance to a variety of antibiotics which eventually creates “superbug”.

  17. Supporting details • Superbug was first found in India and Pakistan. • The drug resistance comes from a gene called NDM-1 which sit on plasmids that can be passed among bacteria rapidly. • Such gene can produce enzymes that cut antibiotic molecules into pieces, making the drugs powerless.

  18. Some misunderstandings • There are still two kinds of antibiotics that can fight the superbug. • It is not spreading rapidly due to its high resistance to drugs. • It doesn’t make someone more sick.

  19. Strategies • New kinds of antibiotics • Tighter controls on existing antibiotics • Better international cooperation on health prevention • More careful control on medical tourism

  20. Main idea • High rates of immigration of bacteria into an environment containing antibiotic introduces sufficient genetic variation to cause the evolution of antibiotic resistance.

  21. Supporting details • Researchers have applied ecological and evolutionary theory to see how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics in hospital. • Bacteria mutating fast will quickly adapt to harsh environments containing antibiotics.

  22. Supporting details • Superbug are an exception in evolutionary theory. When they spread to and persist in many source environment, they become more infectious.

  23. Conclusion • We need for greater understanding of how bacteria evolve in order to control the mutation of bacteria and to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics.

  24. Discussion 5 • If you were the governor, what actions would you take to slow down or even stop the mutation of bacteria?

  25. Discussion 6 • Do you think the era of antibiotics is coming to a close? Why?

  26. Thank you for your attention!And try your best to protect as well as preserve the antibiotics!

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