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Nutrition

Nutrition. Sara R. Zwart, Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Johnson Space Center - NASA. Monica V. Trevathan Education Specialist Human Health and Performance Johnson Space Center - NASA. June 23, 2005. Learning Objectives.

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition

  2. Sara R. Zwart, Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Johnson Space Center - NASA Monica V. Trevathan Education Specialist Human Health and Performance Johnson Space Center - NASA June 23, 2005

  3. Learning Objectives Participants will expand their science content knowledge in the area of Nutrition by: • Describing the importance of proper nutrition for our bodies on Earth and for human space exploration. • Identifying human body systems that are affected by inadequate nutrition (on Earth and in space). • Explaining some challenges in nutrition and food for human exploration and long duration space flight.

  4. Adaptation to Weightlessness • Muscle • Psychological/ Behavioral/ Performance • Bone • Fluid shifts, hematological • Taste & odor • Cardiovascular • Neurosensory • Gastrointestinal • Sleep &circadian rhythm • Environmental

  5. What is the Function of Nutrition? • Psychosocial aspects • Meet energy/nutrient requirements • Countermeasure

  6. Classroom Project Idea • Go to www.mypyramid.gov • My Pyramid Tracker can track food intake for 24 hours and give a report

  7. Energy Intake

  8. In general, most astronauts eat less than their recommended intake. Does this necessarily mean they lose weight? Energy IntakePOLL QUESTION

  9. Body Weight

  10. SLAMMD

  11. Vitamin D

  12. Vitamin D

  13. Vitamin D • Stimulates calcium absorption in the intestine • Deficiency can lead to: • Rickets • Osteomalacia

  14. Where is vitamin D synthesized in the body?

  15. POLL QUESTION Which of the following is NOT a source of Vitamin D?

  16. Nutrients Critical for Bone Health • Calcium • Vitamin D • Vitamin K • Phosphorus • Magnesium

  17. Bone Bone breakdown Bone formation

  18. Bone Loss • Bone Loss • Fracture Risk • Stone Risk Adapted from Heaney et al, 2000

  19. Potential Countermeasures • Nutrition • Exercise • Pharmacology

  20. Biochemical Markers of Bone Breakdown • N-telopeptide • Helical peptide

  21. Sodium NTX (nmol/d) Level of dietary sodium at each stage of the study Experiment days

  22. European Mir Mission (Days)

  23. Omega-3 Fatty Acids • Beneficial effects on cholesterol, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health • Inhibit muscle loss in subjects with hyper-catabolic diseases • Protective effects on bone health

  24. Omega-3 Fatty Acids • Clinical trial with cancer cachexia patients (Wigmore et al. 1996)

  25. Animal protein/Potassium

  26. Chicken Bone in Acid • In the classroom, use the “famous” chicken bone in acid lab experiment to demonstrate acid effects on bones • See: http://haco.jsc.nasa.gov/pdf/pH Experiment.pdf • ….plus, ideas for more on nutrition and bones!

  27. Next Stop: Mars!! • Nutrition is critical due to length of missions • Critical issues: • Are vitamins stable after exposure to deep-space radiation? • Are nutrients stable for long shelf life (up to 5 years)?

  28. Food System Issues • Nutrient content • Palatability • Shelf-life • Preparation • Storage • Trash

  29. How will Extreme Conditions of Space Affect Food Supply? • Closed food system • Radiation • Long-term storage • Depletion of a single nutrient could be deadly after 3 years

  30. For Example… Vitamin B1 (thiamine) • Easily destroyed by heat and light • Deficiency • beriberi • develops within 2-3 months • neurological and cardiovascular effects

  31. Another Example Vitamin C • Deficiency • Scurvy • Bleeding around hair follicles, gums and underneath fingernails • Effects of radiation and long-duration storage are unknown for space flight

  32. Nutrition Research On Earth and in space: • Nutrition is more than just eating food • Food choices are important • Nutrition affects all body systems • Countermeasures for conditions such as osteoporosis

  33. Related NASA Education Material • National Space and Biomedical Research Institute • Activities Guides for Teachers • 5-8 grade http://www.nsbri.org/Education/index.html

  34. Related NASA Education Material • NASA CONNECT™ • Math & Science integration • “Better Health from Space to Earth” • Grades 5-8 http://connect.larc.nasa.gov

  35. Sara R. Zwart, Ph.D. Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Johnson Space Center - NASA Monica V. Trevathan Education Specialist Human Health and Performance Johnson Space Center - NASA

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