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The 8 Major Religions

The 8 Major Religions. Hinduism. Oldest Religion in the World Founder: None When : 4000 to 2200 BCE Major Figure : guru or sage Location : India Followers: 900 million Place of Practice : temple or home shrine. Hinduism Continued….

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The 8 Major Religions

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  1. The 8 Major Religions

  2. Hinduism • Oldest Religion in the World • Founder: None • When: 4000 to 2200 BCE • Major Figure: guru or sage • Location: India • Followers: 900 million • Place of Practice: temple or home shrine

  3. Hinduism Continued… • Supreme Being(s): Brahman; Shiva, Vishnu and the Mother Goddess Shakti • Polytheistic • Sacred Books: Vedas, Upanishads, Sutras, Bhagavad Gita • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Purpose of life is to attain liberation (moksa) from the cycle of reincarnation. • You should live an ordered life according to the dharma. • Afterlife: if karma unresolved, soul is born into a new body; if karma resolved, attain moksa (liberation) • Branches: Saivism, Vaisnavism, Saktism

  4. Judaism • Oldest Monotheistic Religion • Founder: Abraham • When: 2000 BCE • Major Figure: Rabbi • Location: Israel • Followers: 14 million • Place of Practice: synagogue ("temple" in Reform Judaism

  5. Judaism Continued… • Supreme Being: G-D or YHWH • Monotheistic • Sacred Books: Tanakh with the Talmud • Purpose of life/Salvation: Purpose of life is obedience to God while obey God’s law and atone for sin. • Afterlife: views vary: Gan Eden, Gehinnom, nonexistence, or reincarnation

  6. Judaism Continued… • Branches: Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox • Reform: most liberal • Conservative: more moderate • Orthodox: believe the entire Torah was given to Moses by God and is the authority for life.

  7. Christianity • Founder: Jesus • When: 33 AD • Major Figure: Priest, Bishop, Cardinal, Pope • Location: Europe • North America • South America • Followers: 2 Billion (largest Religion) • Place of Practice: Church

  8. Christianity Continued… • Supreme Being: God, Jesus • Sacred Book: Bible, Old Testament and New Testament • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Know, love and serve God • Have faith in the true God and Christ's resurrection, do good works, participate in sacraments • Afterlife: Resurrection of body and soul, purgatory (Catholic and Orthodox), and eternal heaven or hell

  9. Christianity Continued… • Branches: Roman Catholic: Original; created by St. Peter • Eastern Orthodox: Slowly Breaks away during the Great Schism for cultural differences (Eastern Europe) • Protestant: Breaks from Church in PROTEST of church practices; includes many new churches.

  10. Islam • Founder: Muhammad • When: 622 AD • Major Figure: sheikh; imam (Shi'ite) • Location: Middle East and North Africa • Followers: 1.3 Billion • Place of Practice: Mosque • Supreme Being: Allah • Sacred Book: Qur'an (Koran)

  11. Islam Continued… • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Submit to the will of Allah and attain paradise after death • Follow the Qur'an, Hadith and Five Pillars of Islam • Afterlife: Afterlife: Resurrection of body and soul followed by eternal paradise or hell. • Branches: Sunni: largest Sect of Islam; followed Abu Bakr instead of Cousin of Muhammad (and SIL) They also follow the Sunnah • Shiite: Followers of Ali; the closest relative of Muhammad. Believe that the Imam should be more than a political leader but a spiritual leader as well. (Imam)

  12. Buddhism • Founder: Siddharta Gautama • When: 520 BCE India • Major Figure: Monk (lama in Tibetan Buddhism) • Locations: China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia • Followers: 360 million • Place of practice: Temple; meditation hall • Supreme Being: Buddha • Some Branches believe in more Deities: Polytheistic • Some branches believe that Buddha is the one and only Deity: Monotheistic • Some believe there is no god: Pantheistic

  13. Buddhism Continued… • Sacred Books: PaliCanon (Tripitaka), numerous Mahayana sutras • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Theravada - Become an arhat, escape the cycle of rebirth, and attain nirvana. Mahayana - Become a boddhisatva then help others attain enlightenment. • 4 Noble Truths • Afterlife: Rebirth or nirvana. Nirvana is seen simply as the cessation of suffering by some and as a heavenly paradise by others. • Three Branches: Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana • Theravada is atheistic; Mahayana is more polytheistic.

  14. Taoism • Founder: Lao-Tze • When: 550 BC • Major Figure: A Sage • Location: China • Followers: 20 million specifically Taoist • Place of Practice: Temple • Supreme Being: Lao-Tze, Chuang-Tzu (Philosophical Leaders) • Pantheism: God is everything; everything is god…Yin and Yang • Sacred Books: Tao TeChing, Chuang-Tzu

  15. Taoism Continued… • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Live according to the Tao for the purpose of inner harmony; peace and longevity. • Afterlife: Revert back to state of non-being. • Branches: Philosophical: focuses on the philosophical writings of Lao-Tzu, Chuang-Tzu and other early mystics • Religious: emphasizes religious rituals aimed at attaining immortality.

  16. Confucianism • Founder: Confucius • When: 6th-5th BCE • Major Figure: • Location: China • Followers: 5-6 million • Place of Practice: • Supreme Being: Confucius: Philosophical leader not deity • Sacred Books: The Analects

  17. Confucianism Continued… • Purpose of Life/Salvation: The main principle of Confucianism is ren ("humaneness" or "benevolence"), signifying excellent character in accord with li (ritual norms), zhong (loyalty to one's true nature), shu (reciprocity), and xiao (filial piety). Together these constitute de (virtue). • Afterlife: Confucius regarded Heaven (T'ien) as a positive and personal force in the universe; he was not, as some have supposed, an agnostic or a skeptic. • There are six schools of Confucianism • **Not truly considered a religion more of a philosophical practice that is why it was the only “religion” allowed in China during communist takeover

  18. Shintoism • Founder: • When: No known date…older than writing • Major Figure: • Location: Japan • Followers: 3-4 million • Place of Practice: Worship and offerings to kami at shrines and at home. Purification rituals. • Supreme Being(s): The Kami (deities) • Divine Couple:Izanagi-no-mikoto and Izanami-no-mikoto • AmaterasuOmikami (Sun Goddess)  • Polytheistic • Sacred Texts: Kojiki, Nihongi or Nihon shoki and Engishinki

  19. Shintoism Continued… • Purpose of Life/Salvation: Follow the Four Affirmations: • 1. Tradition and the family • 2. love of nature • 3. Physical cleanliness • 4. "Matsuri": The worship and honor given to the Kami and ancestral spirits • Afterlife: Do not dwell on afterlife (taboo); ultimately want to be with ancestors and help the living. • Branches: Two Branches Shrine Shinto and Sect Shinto Later broke into 13 different groups with 5 different classifications.

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