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The Hellenistic World: Conquests, Kingdoms, and Cultural Transformation

Explore the rise of Macedonia, the conquests of Alexander the Great, and the formation of Hellenistic kingdoms. Learn about the impact of Greek culture, art, and language, the social and economic trends of the time, the role of women, the golden age of science, and the evolution of philosophy and religion in the Hellenistic period.

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The Hellenistic World: Conquests, Kingdoms, and Cultural Transformation

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  1. Chapter 4 The Hellenistic World

  2. Timeline

  3. The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander • Macedonia • Philip II (359 – 336 B.C.) • Athenian Reaction to Philip • Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.) • Corinthian League

  4. Alexander the Great • The Conquests of Alexander • Battle of Granicus River (334 B.C.) • Battle of Issus (333 B.C.) • Syria, Palestine and Egypt (332 B.C.) • Battle of Gaugamela (331 B.C.) • Persepolis (330 B.C.) • India (327 B.C.) • Hydaspes River (326 B.C.) • Death of Alexander (323 B.C.) • Alexander’s Ideals

  5. Alexander and Darius at the Battle of Issus

  6. Alexander’s Legacy • Rise of military monarchies • Spread of Greek culture, art, and language • Greek cities and settlers

  7. Map 4.1: The Conquests of Alexander the Great

  8. The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms • Disintegration of the Empire • Four Successor Kingdoms • Macedonia – Antigonids • Syria – Seleucids • Pergamum – Attalids • Egypt – Ptolemies • Threat from the Celts • Common Political System • Dominance of Greeks • Warfare and the Hellenistic World

  9. Map: 4.2: The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms

  10. The Great Altar of Zeus – Pergamum

  11. Hellenistic Cities • Settlement of Greeks • Greek Culture • Polis • Exclusion of local population • Spread of Hellenistic Culture in Near East

  12. Economic Trends • Agriculture • Shift of Manufacturing Centers to the East • Commercial Expansion • Trade

  13. Hellenistic Society • New Opportunities for Upper-Class Women • Upper-class women • Spartan women • Athenian women • Women in politics • The Role of Slavery • Sources of slaves • Effects of slavery • Transformation of Education • Evolution of the gymnasium • Patrons of eductation

  14. New Directions in Literature • Theocritus (c. 315 – 250 B.C.) • Menander (c. 342-291 B.C.) • New comedy • Polybius (c. 203-c. 120 B.C.) • History

  15. Hellenistic Art • Patronage • Sculpture • Emotional and realistic art • Emphasis on the female nude

  16. Laocoön and His Sons

  17. Old Market Woman

  18. A Golden Age of Science • Astronomy • Geometry • Euclid (c. 300 B.C.) • Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.) • Medicine

  19. The Temple to Asclepius – Aegean island of Kos

  20. Philosophy: New Schools of Thought • Epicurus (341 – 270 B.C.) • Doctrine of pleasure • Stoicism • Zeno (335 – 263 B.C.) • Public service – politics • Appeal

  21. Religion in the Hellenistic World • Decline of Civic Cults • Mystery Religions • Cult of Isis • The Jews in the Hellenistic World • Judaea • Judah Maccabaeus (164 B.C.) • Jews outside of Judaea

  22. The Cult of Isis

  23. Discussion Questions • Why was Alexander so successful in building his empire? • What do you think Alexander would have done had he lived longer? • What impact, if any, did Hellenistic culture have outside of Europe? • How did women fare in the Hellenistic world? Why? • What were the main goals of Greek philosophy in the third and second century B.C.? How did these goals differ from philosophy during the classical period? • What do mystery cults tell us about Greek tolerance toward other cultures?

  24. Web Links • Ancient Greek Sites on the World Wide Web • Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Greece • Cultural Map of Hellas • Alexander the Great of Macedon • Diotima: Women in the Ancient World • The Archimedes Homepage • The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Greek Philosophy

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