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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. The Properties of Matter. Matter has volume The space an object occupies Measured in Liters (L) for liquids and gases Measured in cubic meters (m 3 ) for solids 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Example A basketball has more volume than a bowling ball. Matter has mass

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 The Properties of Matter

  2. Matter has volume The space an object occupies Measured in Liters (L) for liquids and gases Measured in cubic meters (m3) for solids 1 mL = 1 cm3 Example A basketball has more volume than a bowling ball Matter has mass The amount of matter in an object Measured in grams (g) Example A bowling ball has more mass than a basketball What is matter?

  3. Liquid volume is expressed in Liters. We measure by pouring the liquid into a graduated cylinder. The measurement is read from the bottom of the meniscus. Measuring Volume

  4. Measuring Volume (continued) • Volumes of solids are expressed in cubic meters.(cm3 m3 km3) • Volume = Length x Width x Height Height 5 m Width 2 m Length 10 m Volume= 100 m3

  5. Measuring Volume (continued) • The volume of irregular shaped objects is found by placing the object in water and measuring the amount of water that is displaced. • The original volume of the water is 7 ml. • The new volume with the rock is 9 ml. • The volume of the displaced water is 2 ml. • What is the volume of the rock? • 2 cm3 • 1 mL = 1 cm3 for water

  6. Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object Mass never changes Same on the moon as on Earth Measured in grams (g or kg) Measured using a triple-beam balance Weight Weight is a measure of gravitational force on an object Changes when gravity is different You weigh less on the moon because gravity is less Measured in newtons (N) 1 N = 100 g Measured using a spring scale Mass vs Weight

  7. Weight on other planets Planet Weight (N) Weight ( pounds) • Mercury 164 N 36 lbs • Venus 400 N 88 lbs • Earth 445 N 100 lbs • Mars 169 N 37 lbs • Jupiter 1170 N 258 lbs • Saturn 502 N 110 lbs • Uranus 351 N 77 lbs • Neptune 498 N 109 lbs • Pluto 22 N 5 lbs

  8. Physical Properties can be measured without changing its identity Physical properties describe what an object looks or feels like Density State ( what temperature does it melt or boil) Conducts heat or electricity Malleable ( can be pounded into thin sheets) Ductile ( can be drawn into wires) Color, smell, mass, shape, texture, volume Section 2 Properties of matter

  9. Density The amount of matter in a given volume Excellent for identifying materials because very few materials will have the same density Units are g/mL or g/cm3(same except g/cm3 is used to describe a solid) Densities of common Substances Substance Density Helium 0.0001663 g/mL Oxygen 0.001331 g/mL Water 1.0 g/mL Iron 5.02 g/mL Silver 10.5 g/mL Gold 19.32 g/mL Density Anything with a density of more than 1 g/mL will sink in water.

  10. Calculating Density • Formula grams milliliters Cubic centimeters mass g/mL g/cm3 density volume

  11. Calculating Density • Example 750 g of a substance has a volume of 150 cm3. What is the density? 750 g 150 cm3 g/cm3 mass divide ? density volume

  12. Calculating Density • Example • What is the mass of 400 mL of a substance with a density of 0.5 g/mL? 400 mL g 0.5 g/mL ? mass density volume multiply

  13. Calculating Density • Example • 52 g of a substance has a density of 4 g/mL. What is the volume? 52 g 4 g/mL mL mass divide ? density volume

  14. Color, smell, mass, hardness, shape, texture, volume State ( what temperature does it melt or boil) Conducts heat or electricity Malleable ( can be pounded into thin sheets) Ductile ( can be drawn into wires) Density Physical Properties Example….. Physical Properties of Gold -metallic yellow color, very soft - melting point = 10640C, boiling point = 29700C - excellent conductivity - very malleable and ductile - density = 19.3 g/mL

  15. Chemical Properties describe a substance based on its ability to change Cannot be measured/ observed without changing the substance into a new material (with new properties) Reacts to water Like alka seltzer Reacts to oxygen Rusting Reacts to other substances Acids, bleach etc Section 3 Chemical Properties Flammability

  16. Physical changes are reversible Changing state Melting, freezing Adjusting mass, shape or volume Breaking, cutting, bending Chemical changes cannot be reversed by physical means A new substance is created with new properties Cooked egg cannot become raw again Ash cannot be reassembled into paper Physical Vs Chemical Changes

  17. Color change Burnt toast, bleach Gas formation Smoking, Bubbling (soda) Change in smell Rotten food, B.O. Change in Energy Heat and/or light produced Instant ice pack (absorbs heat), photo paper (absorbs light) Clues that a Chemical Changes is occurring

  18. PHYSICAL can be measured without changing its identity Properties like… Color, melting point, boiling point, malleable, ductile, density, conducts heat or electricity Changes like… Melting, freezing, boiling, bending, breaking CHEMICAL describes a substance based on its ability to change into another substance Properties like… Reacts with water, reacts with oxygen, reacts with acid Changes like… Cooking, burning, rusting, spoiling Clues like… Color change, gas formation, change in smell, change in energy

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