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Earth’s Energy Transfer

Earth’s Energy Transfer. Once the sun’s energy has reached the Earth, where does it go?. Remember Energy Transfer?. Conduction solids Radiation No medium. Convection - liquids and gases. Earth’s Energy Transfer.

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Earth’s Energy Transfer

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  1. Earth’s Energy Transfer

  2. Once the sun’s energy has reached the Earth, where does it go?

  3. Remember Energy Transfer? Conduction • solids Radiation • No medium • Convection • - liquids and gases

  4. Earth’s Energy Transfer • The atmosphere and hydrosphere are able to absorb and store, and transfer thermal energy. • Referred to as heat sinks.

  5. Hydrosphere • Includes all water, water vapour and ice on Earth. • Water absorbs and stores more energy than land.

  6. Hydrosphere and Climate Precipitation Transpiration Evaporation Remember the Water Cycle?? Surface Run-off Ground water

  7. Water and Energy Transfer • Evaporation– • Absorbs energy from oceans and lakes • Has a cooling effect (cools surrounding area) • Condensation – • Releases energy when vapour condenses into clouds • Makes surrounding warm

  8. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions (Lithosphere) • Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land. • Regions near water are: • Summer- Cooler because the water takes longer to heat up. • Winter- Warmer in the fall as the water slowly emits stored thermal energy as it cools down.

  9. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions • Regions downwind of large bodies of water: • More snowfall due to LAKE EFFECT! • If water is not covered with ice • evaporation increases water vapour • air reaches colder land • condenses into snow!!

  10. Effects of Water on Nearby Regions • Water absorbs more energy than air. This is why water droplets on your skin make you shiver….they are absorbing energy to evaporate!

  11. Energy Transfer in the Oceans • Water travels towards the poles, Water cools, evaporates and freezes, rejectingsalt, becomes more dense and saltier. • Surrounding water becomes saltier, more dense, and sinks to the ocean floor.

  12. Energy Transfer in the Oceans • Currents draw warmer water from the equator travels to the poles to replace the water sinking and also evaporating. • Creates an ocean conveyor system called • Thermohaline Circulation

  13. Energy Transfer in Oceans

  14. Lithosphere • Includes all the solid rock, soil, and minerals on land and under the oceans.

  15. Lithosphere and Climate

  16. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Movement of warm and cold air currents…. • Convection currents.

  17. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Air at the equator heats up, becomes less dense and rises. • Creating low pressure underneath.

  18. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Warm air spreads out towards the poles and cools down. • Cool air sinks back to Earth’s surface. • Creating a circular convection current.

  19. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Air flows from high to low pressure → causes air currents which we recognize as wind. • Typical patterns become prevailing winds which help move warm air to the poles.

  20. Vocabulary Heat Sinks Hydrosphere Lithosphere Thermohaline Circulation Homework Pg. 335 # 1, 4 - 6 347 # 1 – 7.

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