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War in Ancient Greece

Chapter 9, Section 1. War in Ancient Greece. The Persian Wars. 549BC Persians conquered Greek city-state of Ionia. 500BC Ionians rebelled & burned Persian city of Sardis. 490BC 20,000 Persian soldiers said for Greece. Landed near Marathon.

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War in Ancient Greece

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  1. Chapter 9, Section 1 War in Ancient Greece

  2. The Persian Wars • 549BC Persians conquered Greek city-state of Ionia. • 500BC Ionians rebelled & burned Persian city of Sardis. • 490BC 20,000 Persian soldiers said for Greece. Landed near Marathon. • At dawn Greek phalanxes took the Persians by surprise and defeated them. • Persians fled back to their ships. • Called the Battle of Marathon.

  3. 2nd Persian War • In 480BC, Xerxes assembled an army to defeat the Greeks (made up of Egyptians and Phoenicians) • Spartans, led by Kind Leonidas, blocked the Persians. • A traitor led the Persians through the mountains to surround the Spartans and they were defeated. • Persians advanced to Athens but the people had fled.

  4. Xerxes burned Athens to the ground and sent ships after the Athens navy. • But Athenian leader, Themistocles had set a trap which destroyed the Persian navy. • This was the Battle of Salamis. • After this the Persians returned home and it was the end of the 2nd Persian war.

  5. Athens Rivals Sparta • Athens had the major Navy power • Sparta had the major Army power • Athens created the Delian League to protect one anther from Persia and other threats. • The Spartans created the Peloponnesian League. All member city-states were oligarchies. • In 433BC Athens put a ban on trade with Megara (member of Peloponnesian League). • Both sides prepared for war.

  6. Peloponnesian War • War started in 431BC and lasted 27 years. • Started when the Spartan army marched onto Athenian land. • Spartans laid siege to Athens for more than a year. • A plague made killed thousands of Athenians and caused the Spartans to leave for fear of getting sick. • Athens attacked Sicily, an Spartan ally.

  7. Sparta seemed near defeat but then won some major battles. • In 421BC both sides agreed to a truce and stopped fighting. • After a few yrs the truce was broken. Athens attacked Sicily again. • However the Greeks of Sicily destroyed the Athenians with Spartan help. • Persia saw Athens weakness and gave money to Sparta to help them beat Athens. • In 404BC at the Battle of Aegospotami Sparta defeated Athens navy.

  8. Sparta then attacked Athens itself. • Sparta kept food from reaching the city and the people soon began to starve. • Athens surrendered. They had to give up democracy (though it was soon restored).

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