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Lecture 7

Lecture 7. China ’ s Involvement in the Vietnam War. China ’ s Policy toward the Settlement of the 1 st Indochina War. Focus on domestic problems after the end of the Korean War; Preventing another direct Sino-American confrontation; Forging a new international image.

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Lecture 7

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  1. Lecture 7 China’s Involvement in the Vietnam War

  2. China’s Policy toward the Settlement of the 1st Indochina War Focus on domestic problems after the end of the Korean War; Preventing another direct Sino-American confrontation; Forging a new international image.

  3. Beijing’s Attitude toward North Vietnam Neither hindering nor encouraging Hanoi’s effort to “liberate” the South by military means. 1955-1956, how to consolidate the revolutionary achievement in the North is V.C. ‘s most urgent task; Dec, 1955, Beijing recall the Chinese Military Advisory Group; Summer 1958, “Promote socialist revolution and reconstruction in the North, revolutionary transformation in the South;

  4. Beijing’s Attitude toward North Vietnam • May, 1960, Zhou advised the Vietnamese to adopt a flexible approach in the South by combining political & military struggle; • The relationship between the PRC and the DRV was very close in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the leaders of two countries frequently visited each other. • Beijing’s propaganda campaign: a natural ally of the oppressed peoples of the world in their struggle for national liberation.

  5. Beijing’s Aiding to Hanoi Intensifying revolutionary insurgence in South Vietnam might overextend America’s commitment, thus improving China’s position in its conflict with the US in East Asia.(1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis) Offering substantial military aid to Vietnam before 1963.

  6. 1956-63 Aiding • Total :320 million yuan, including: • 270,000 guns, over 10,000 pieces artillery, • 200 million bullets of different types, • 2.02 million artillery shells, • 15,000 wire transmitters, • 5,000 radio transmitters, • 1,000 trucks, 28 naval vessels, 1.18 million military uniform

  7. Radical turn inlate 1962 and early 1963 • Summer 1962, Ho Chi Minh and Ngugen Chi Thanh’ report; • 1963, Luo Ruiqing’s visit to Hanoi; • June 1964, Mao “if the US risks the war to North Vietnam, Chinese troops should across the border (to enter the war)”.

  8. Reasons for Beijing’s More Aggressive Strategy toward the Vietnam War Rapid radicalization of China’s political & social life in the 1960s; Deteriorating relations between China & the Soviet Union; China’s understanding of the central role China was to play in promoting revolutionary movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

  9. Escalation of the Vietnam War 1961, Special forces “Green Berets” in South Vietnam, to implement “Strategic Hamlet Program”; August 1964, Gulf of Tonkin Incident; March 8, 1965, 3500 US marines dispatched to South Vietnam, marking the beginning of American ground war.

  10. China’s Warning Signals to the US Jan. 9, 1965, Mao’s meeting with Edgar Snow; March 12, 1965, Chinese public Statement; April 2, 1965, Zhou’s meeting with Pakistani president Ayub Khan, asking him to transmit message to US; May 28, 1965, Zhou’s meeting with Indonesian 1st PM Subandrio; May 31, 1965, Chen Yi’s meeting with Br. Charge’d Affair Hopson; March 16, 1966, 129th Warsaw Talk.

  11. Beijing’s Warning MessageChen Yi to Br. Charge’ d’affair China will not provoke war with the US; China will honor what it has said; China is prepared; If the US bombs China, that means bringing the war to China.

  12. Reflections Public statement is not only or effective communicating way; Long-term & stable communicating institution; Reliable messenger; Explicit discourse and wording; Interpreting information from perspective of reality, not from ideology.

  13. Features in Chinese-Vietnamese Cooperation in the Vietnam War Vietnamese Communists did not let the Chinese interfere in decision making; Vietnamese would fight the war with their own forces, China’s main role would be to guarantee logistical support; Unless the American land forces directly invaded the North, Chinese land forces would not be used in operation in Vietnam.

  14. Forms of China’s Aid to North Vietnam 1965 – 1969 The dispatch of Chinese Engineering Troops; The use of Chinese Antiaircraft Artillery Troops; Military & Material Support to Vietnam.

  15. Widening Gap between Beijing & Hanoi, 1966 – 1969 Different motivations; Relationship between Chinese & local Vietnamese; More support from Moscow since 1964; Hanoi’s deep involvement in other parts of Indochina, esp. in Laos; Change of China’s domestic politics; Hanoi’s decision to negotiate with the US;

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