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Ichthyology (Zoology 1450) Dr. Craig S. Kasper Room BHUM 111

Ichthyology (Zoology 1450) Dr. Craig S. Kasper Room BHUM 111. History of Ichthyology. Introduction: Ichthyology the Science. History 384-322 B.C. Aristotle —first scientific description of fish (118 spp.). Introduction: Ichthyology the Science.

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Ichthyology (Zoology 1450) Dr. Craig S. Kasper Room BHUM 111

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  1. Ichthyology (Zoology 1450) Dr. Craig S. Kasper Room BHUM 111

  2. History of Ichthyology

  3. Introduction: Ichthyology the Science History • 384-322 B.C. Aristotle —first scientific description of fish (118 spp.)

  4. Introduction: Ichthyology the Science • 1500 Guillaume Rondelet—De Piscibus Marinum (244 spp.) • 1686 George Markgraf's —Naturalis Brasilae (100 spp.)

  5. Introduction: Ichthyology the Science History • 1686 John Ray & Francis Willoughby Historia Piscium (>400 spp.). • Carolus (Karl) Linnaeus “father of taxonomy”(1670-1738) develops binomial nomenclature (two name, genus species) GenusSpecies Oncorhynchus mykiss Common name: Rainbow trout

  6. A Fish Oddity: Peter Artedi “The father of ichthyology"—a student of Linnaeus who identified five orders of aquatic and marine animals (including cetaceans) and divided those into genera. In 1732 both left Uppsala: Artedi for England, and Linnaeus for Lapland; before parting they reciprocally bequeathed to each other their manuscripts and books in the event of death. How fortunate for them! In an untimely demise, Artedi got drunk and drowned in Amsterdam canal! Linnaeus published his manuscripts posthumously. “So, dead men do tell “tails”...apparently!

  7. More History... • 1780s Marcus Elieser Bloch—Ichthyologia as a series of volumes of plates. Johann Gottlob Schneider pub. M. E. Blochii Systemae Ichthyologiae (1,519 spp.) 1800s Georges Cuvier's—Regne animal distribué d’après son organisation (key step forward for fish classification). Cuvier also worked with his student Achille Valenciennes to produce the 22-volume Histoire Naturelle des Poissons (never completed) yet 4,514 spp.

  8. 1800s Albert Günther— Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum >6,800 d (another 1,700 mentioned). • 1859 Charles Darwin Origin of the Species, animals placed within a common genus shared ancestral lineage. Charles Darwin, 1854

  9. ~1900 David Starr Jordan (greatest ichthyologist at the time)—wrote 650 articles and books on fish. He was also president of Indiana and Stanford Universities.

  10. Still more history... • 1896-1898 B.W. Evermann—Fishes of North America described ALL fish known in N. America and Panama at the time (4 volumes). • 1947 Leo Berg—Russian paleoichthyologist who combined study of fish and fossil records, Classification of Fishes, Recent and Fossil. First introduced the concept of “iformes” to endings of fish orders, eliminated confusion. • 1966 Greenwood et al.—produced the first modern classification of the majority of present day fishes. • 1994 Balon et al.—compilation of contributions to ichthyology by women scientists.

  11. Resources... • Many resources for fish information. • Texts: Moyle and Cech 1996, Bond 1996, Bone 1994. • Journals: Copeia, Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Aquaculture, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, North American Journal of Aquaculture, Journal of Fish Biology, Journal of Ichthyology, etc... • Internet: www.fishbase.org, www.aquanic.org, www.afs.org (You can find almost anything out there, but read CAREFULLY!! Some stuff is still trash!)

  12. What is a fish?? Classic definition: -Any of numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body and including specifically, and... -Any of the class Osteichthyes, having a bony skeleton, and... -Any of the class Chondrichthyes, having a cartilaginous skeleton and including the sharks, rays, and skates. Although this is all accurate...we will find that fish are considerably MORE!!

  13. Fish similarities... • Vertebrate (or chordate) • Gills • Poikilothermic • Fins • Scales • Always exceptions!

  14. Fish Diversity >30,000 species (spp.) of fish today (note: fish is singular, fishes more than one spp.) • 41% freshwater • 58% seawater • ~1% both (neither)

  15. Where Do Fish Live? • Great environmental diversity = many fish spp. • Earth’s surface • ~70% oceans, part of remaining 30% freshwater.

  16. Fish can live three miles above sea level (15,000 feet)...

  17. ...to nearly 35,000 ft down.

  18. Fish live in sub-zero temperatures in Antarctica...

  19. ... to hot spring water of more than 100ºF.

  20. Water Quality

  21. Properties of Water* AqueousTerrestrial Oxygen 0-14 mg/L 21% Temperature + 10˚C + 40˚C Density Variable Constant -max density 4ºC -high specific heat -alters light penetration Composition Variable Constant “Universal solvent”- gas, salts, liquids *References: (1) Boyd, C. 1990 (2) Lawson, T.B., 1995

  22. Q: Why is water quality important?? A: Fish perform ALL bodily functions in water! • Eat (Sleep) • Breathe • Excrete wastes • Reproduce • Take in and lose salts

  23. Fish Shapes: Form is Function

  24. Fish vary in morphological cross-section drastically. REM: Form & function go hand in hand here.

  25. Next time: Systematics Quiz 3, Chapter 2 (Helfman, Collette & Facey)

  26. Dr. Craig S. Kasper Aquaculture Program Manager Hillsborough Community College 10414 E. Columbus Dr. BHUM 111 Tampa, FL 33619-7856 Phone: 813-253-7881 FAX: 813-253-7868 Email: ckasper@hccfl.edu Photo: Craig S. Kasper (2003)

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