120 likes | 219 Vues
Technology and Society. Impact of Technology on Childbirth. Conception . Fertility Drugs Artificial Insemination Test-tube baby Cloning. Pregnancy . Monitoring Blood Tests Urine Tests Ultrasound DNA Tests Fetal Surgery. Scheduled Delivery . Inducing labor early
E N D
Technology and Society Impact of Technology on Childbirth
Conception • Fertility Drugs • Artificial Insemination • Test-tube baby • Cloning
Pregnancy • Monitoring • Blood Tests • Urine Tests • Ultrasound • DNA Tests • Fetal Surgery
Scheduled Delivery • Inducing labor early • Based on Ultrasound determined weight • “Late Birth” based on Due Date estimate • Planned C-section. • For convenience of mother, doctor (when not medically necessary)
Managed Labor/ Cascade of Intervention • Hospital Setting • Monitors, IVs • Loss of privacy/control of environment • Psychological effects, stress • Timing/Duration • Inducing drugs, breaking the membranes • Length of labor/artificial deadlines • Birth Process • Pain killing drugs – Epidural ( US rate 90%+) • Position, lack of ability to move freely • Episiotomy • Forceps, Suction • C-section –( US rate >25%)
Side Effects? • Postoperative Complications • Infections of baby or mother • Continued pain • Effects on Nursing the baby • Effects of epidural, C-section, drugs • Social customs that play a role • Nursing only for poor, negative body image • Working moms: Pumping/Freezing • 60% try, 20% after 2-4 months, Less than 5% at a year. • Postpartum Depression • Infant/Mother Mortality
Questioning the Model • Is childbirth a disease/illness that needs medical intervention? • How much intervention is needed? Is technology serving us or interfering with a natural process?
Caesareans around the World • Lowest: Netherlands holding steady between 13 – 14% from 2001 to 2010 • Low: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Israel all holding steady around 16% from 2001 to 2010 • High: Australia, Germany, Korea, Switzerland, USA all above 30% by 2010 • Highest:Mexico and Turkey above 40% by 2010 http://www.cesareanrates.com/blog/2012/12/8/world-cesarean-rates-oecd-countries.html
More $$$ = Better Outcomes??? • “The United States spends $98 billion annually on hospitalization for pregnancy and childbirth, but the US maternal mortality rate has doubled in the past 25 years. The U.S. ranks 50th in the world for maternal mortality, meaning 49 countries were better at keeping new mothers alive.” Huffington Post
Alternatives/Adjuncts • Hospital/Birthing Center/Home • Privacy/Calm Environment • Mother-centered practices • Midwife/Doula/Doctor • Guided Breathing/Relaxation • Alternate Positions/Birthing Chair • Hypnobirthing • Water birth