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Structures, Specialties, & Pathology

Structures, Specialties, & Pathology . Urinary system Ch 9. Structures. Kidneys 2 layers that surround the renal pelvis Renal cortex the outer layer Contains over one million nephrons Renal medulla Inner layer Contains most of the urine-collecting tubules. Structures. Nephrons

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Structures, Specialties, & Pathology

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  1. Structures, Specialties, & Pathology Urinary system Ch 9

  2. Structures • Kidneys • 2 layers that surround the renal pelvis • Renal cortex • the outer layer • Contains over one million nephrons • Renal medulla • Inner layer • Contains most of the urine-collecting tubules

  3. Structures • Nephrons • Glomerulus • Renal pelvis • Ureters • Carry urine from kidneys to bladder • 10 to 12 inches long • Bladder • Hollow muscular organ • Located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity • Holds about one pint of urine

  4. Structures • Urethra • Two urinary sphincters, one at each end • Urethral meatus or urinary meatus is the external opening of the urethra • Female urethra is about 1.5 inches long • Male urethra is about 8 inches

  5. Specialties • Nephrologist • Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys • Urologist • Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

  6. Pathology • Renal failure • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Anuria • End-stage renal disease • Uremia • Uremic poisoning • A toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream

  7. Pathology • Nephrotic syndrome • Edema • Hyperlipidemia • Hypoproteinuria • Hyperproteinuria • Abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

  8. Pathology • Kidneys • Glomerulonephritis • Hydronephrosis • Dilation of the renal pelvis of one or both kidneys. • The result of an obstruction of the flow of urine • Nephrectasis • Distention of a kidney

  9. Pathology • Nephritis • Nephroptosis • Nephropyosis • Pyelitis • Pyelonephritis • Inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney • Renal colic

  10. Pathology • Stones • Calculus • Nephrolithiasis • Kidney stone • Cystolith • Stone found in the bladder

  11. Pathology • Ureters • Hydroureter • Ureterectasis • The distention of a ureter • Ureterorrhagia • Ureteralgia • Pain in the ureter • Ureterostenosis

  12. Pathology • Urinary bladder • Cystalgia • Bladder pain • Cystitis • Interstitial cystitis • Cystocele • Cystorrhagia • Bleeding from the bladder • UTI • Vesicovaginal fissure

  13. Pathology • Urethra • Reflux • Urethralgia • Urethritis • Urethrorrhagia • Urethrorrhea • urethrostenosis

  14. Pathology • Urethra continued • Abnormal openings • Epispadias • Hypospadias • Paraspadias • A congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on one side of the penis

  15. Pathology • Urination • Diuresis • The increased excretion of urine • Dysuria • Difficult or painful urination • Enuresis • Involuntary discharge of urine • Nocturnal enuresis also known as bed-wetting • Nocturia • Excessive urination during the night

  16. Oliguria • Polyuria • Excessive urination • Urinary retention • Incontinence • Stress incontinence • Urge incontinence

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