States of Matter- pg. 25

1. States of Matter- pg. 25 • Substances can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases • Solids, liquids, and gases may be elements, compounds, or mixtures

2. States of Matter • Solids: have a definite shape and a definite volume • particles are packed very closely together • each particle is tightly fixed in one position • the particles vibrate • Types of solids: • Crystalline solids: the particles form a regular, repeating pattern that creates crystals, melts at a distinct temperature • Ex. Salt, sugar, snow • Amorphous solids: the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern, does not melt at a distinct temperature • Ex. Plastics, rubber, glass

3. Talk to your lab group • How are the particles of a solid arranged? • What causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume? • Why would an object with a definite shape have a definite volume?

4. States of Matter • Liquids:have a definite volume but no shape of its own • the particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as a solid • the particles in a liquid move around one another freely • fluids: a substance that flows • surface tension: the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together • viscoscity: a liquid’s resistance to flowing • ex. Honey has a high viscoscity

5. Talk to your lab group • Do liquids take a shape of their own? • Why doesn’t a liquid have a definite shape? • Why do liquids have a definite volume?

6. States of Matter • Gas: a fluid that can change volume very easily, no definite shape nor definite volume • gas particles spread apart filling all the space available

7. Talk to your lab group • Why don’t gases have a definite shape or volume? • How does breathing demonstrate that gases are fluids?

8. States of matter Solids- have a fixed volume and shape, the particles are close together and form regular patterns. Molecules in solids vibrate but do not move from place to place. Liquids- have a fixed volume but take on the shape of the container they are in. Liquid particles are attracted and close to one another but can move in their container. Molecules in liquids can move independently Gas- has no fixed volume or shape. Gas particles are not close to each other and can move freely because there is more room between the molecules. The space between gas particles can increase or decrease with temperature and pressure changes.

9. States of Matter cont. A plasma is an ionized gas. Plasmas are good conductors of electricity and are affected by magnetic fields because they are composed of ions (negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei). Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is by far the most common form of matter. Plasma in the stars and in the tenuous space between them makes up over 99% of the visible universe and perhaps most of that which is not visible.

10. States of Matter

11. Closure • Write a summary (4 sentences) on the States of Matter Notes. • Write at least 4 questions: one from each question level for the notes.

12. Changes of State- Graphic Organizer • Using the book (pages 76- 81), define the following terms • Melting • Melting Point • Freezing • Freezing Temperature • Vaporization • Evaporation • Boiling • Boiling Point • Condensation • Sublimation