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Exploration and the Colombian Exchange

Exploration and the Colombian Exchange. Chapter 16 The World Economy. Do Now: What were the motives for and the results of the European exploration and colonization of the Americas?. Motives : (Gold, Glory, God) Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing power in the Middle East

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Exploration and the Colombian Exchange

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  1. Exploration and the Colombian Exchange Chapter 16 The World Economy

  2. Do Now: • What were the motives for and the results of the European exploration and colonization of the Americas?

  3. Motives: (Gold, Glory, God) • Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing power in the Middle East • Needed gold to pay for Asian spices • Why Europe? • Used explosives as gunnery (guns and cannons) • “unprecedented ability to kill and intimidate from a distance” • Compass and astrolabe • better ships (deep-draft round hulled sailing ships), and mapmaking skills • Desire for goods from East What motivated Europeans to explore the Atlantic?

  4. Italian city-states were wealthy and had access to the east and favorable trade agreements with the Muslims • Mediterranean ships were ill-suited for weather in Atlantic Ocean • Iberians had a history of hostility with the Muslims (Ferdinand and Isabella) and did not have direct access to Med. trade • Missionary zeal Why did the Iberians lead the way?

  5. Portugal: • Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored many of the voyages • Sailors rounded tip of Africa into Indian Ocean • Sail to Brazil and claim it for Portugal • Forts along coast of Africa • Spain • Columbus, sailing west ended up in the West Indies (Hispaniola) • Magellan- crew circumnavigated the globe and claimed the Philippines Iberians lead the way….

  6. Dutch- SE Asia, Indonesia • British- North America, Caribbean 1588-British beat the Spanish Armada • French-North America and Caribbean • Dutch East India Company & British East India Company- given gov’t monopolies on trade with little regulation Northern Europeans Join In

  7. European Exploration

  8. European Colonization

  9. Why did the Europeans begin to look for a new water route to Asia? • What technology enabled this to happen? • Why did the Iberians lead the charge? • What was the initial impact of their voyages? REVIEW

  10. The Colombian Exchange

  11. Diseases wiped out 80% of indigenous people or more in some areas • Spread crops, animals, and flora –led to population increases • Europeans began to dominate oceanic shipping (Battle of Lepanto- Spanish defeated Ottomans, 1571) • Europeans established ports along the coast of Africa and formed enclaves of western traders in other areas • Coercive labor systems increased in dependent zones Impact of the Colombian Exchange

  12. Mercantilism emerged-colonies are for the good of the mother country/export more than you import (favorable balance) • Core nations Vs. dependent zones • Protectionist tariffs • Europeans began to conquer and colonize (motivated by desire for profit, need to escape religious persecution, and ambition)…Pizarro and the Inca • Competition between European powers increased (Seven Years War)

  13. EXIT QUESTION: Was Columbus’ “Discovery” of the Americas and the subsequent colonization Genocide????

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