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Chapter 12 Asian Empires

Chapter 12 Asian Empires. Lesson 4 Japan in Isolation. Early Japan. Aristocrats worked to weaken the emperor by creating private estates (land free from the emperors interference and taxes) Were protected by samurai who defended their land and kept order in society

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Chapter 12 Asian Empires

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  1. Chapter 12 Asian Empires Lesson 4 Japan in Isolation

  2. Early Japan • Aristocrats worked to weaken the emperor by creating private estates (land free from the emperors interference and taxes) • Were protected by samurai who defended their land and kept order in society • In 1192 samurai took all ruling power away from the emperor

  3. Early Japan Cont. • 1200’s national pride increase in Japan • Happened because Mongol’s invaded twice and failed because of typhoons (topical storms) • Japanese believed the kamikaze (divine wind) destroyed the Mongol’s. • Japanese believed they were divinely protected

  4. Early Japan Cont. • Most powerful samurai became daimyo (ruling leaders) controlling other samurai and large areas of farm land • 1500’s daimyo fought each other for power and land • 1590 Toyotomi Hideyoshi brought most of Japan under his control • His death was followed by Tokugawa leyasu who started the Tokugawa dynasty

  5. Tokugawa Rule • Tokugawa leyasu was given the title of shogun a special, high ranking military office. • Tokugawa dynasty shogun’s ruled for the next 265 years

  6. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • Shoguns controlled… • Trade • Gold and silver mines • Major cities including Kyoto, Osaka and Edo (capital) • Emperor’s land holding (25% of country’s farm land)

  7. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • Daimyo (270 of them) controlled 75% of Japan’s farmland • Shogun shared authority with the daimyo meaning that the daimyo issued laws and collected taxes

  8. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • 4 class system under shoguns • Samurai • Merchants • Artisans • Farmers • 4 class system was essential to shogun power because in making agreements with local daimyo they would play one class against anther

  9. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • Daimyos could not gain much wealth or power because shoguns controlled international trade. • Shoguns outlawed traveling abroad and most foreign books • What few books were allowed were giving to scholars by the Dutch. • Japanese were most interested in shipbuilding, mapmaking, astronomy, and medicine.

  10. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • Isolationism cut off Japan from the goods and culture of most countries. • Only traded with Netherlands (Dutch), China, and Korea • Even with this under shogun control trade increased and merchant class grew

  11. Tokugawa Rule Cont. • Tokugawa dynasty fell due to debt • Merchant class grew wealthier so taxes were raised • Farmers rioted and the class system crumbled.

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