Chapter 34: The Great War

1. Chapter 34: The Great War Unit 7 AP World History Written by: Kimberly Zerbst

2. Don’t miss this… • Sources of conflict • Colonial Troops/Conscription • Technological advancements in war • New warfare tactics • Treaty of Paris/League of Nations • Epidemic Disease

3. Total War Mass civilian population involved in war. News censored. Propaganda used Socialists supported war. Capitalism replaced by gov’t controlled economy. SC standard GS 5.1

4. Munitions Workers SC standard GS 5.1

5. Sources of Global Conflict: Imperialist Expansion by European Powers & Japan

6. Sources of Global Conflict: competition for resources • Raw materials • Mineral resources • What is the greatest resource of all?

7. Sources of Global Conflict: Ethnic Conflict • Worldwide • In what ways do you think ethnic conflict was exacerbated by imperialism?

8. Sources of Global Conflict: Power rivalry between G.B. & Germany • Started with the Industrial Revolution • Naval race • Ethnic rivalry The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power ... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favourable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and blood. [Otto Von Bismark Sept. 1862]

9. “Nationalism is an infantile thing. It is the measles of mankind.” ― Albert Einstein Sources of Global Conflict: Nationalist Ideologies • Language • Customs • Traditions • Values • Experiences • Religion (sometimes)

10. Sources of Global Conflict: Economic crisis (Great Depression)

11. Checking for Understanding:Using your whiteboard, answer the following Questions • What is total war? • I will give you the incident you classify it in it’s proper category as a source of conflict prior to and during WWI: • Imperialism • Competition for resources • Ethnic conflict • Power rivalries between Great Britain & Germany • Nationalist ideology • Economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

12. The MAIN reason for WWI • M • A • I • N

13. SC standard GS 5.1 Militarism & Arms Race Militarism- A National policy of military aggressiveness. Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

14. Alliances

15. Imperialism

16. Nationalism Nationalism-Demand for national groups for independence. Pan-Slavism-Nationalist movement to unite all Slavic peoples. *Slavs protected by Russia * 1908, Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina Slavs living in Bosnia-Herzegovina want to united into Yugoslavia.

17. Aggressive Nationalism SC standard GS 5.1

18. Colonial Troops

19. Conscription

20. ANZAC troops • Australian and New Zealand army Corps • Fought at Gallipoli • Stayed in the middle east as ‘peacekeepers’

21. Technology of Total War • Advances in industrialization • What factors do you think have to exist for humanity to be willing to invest time, effort, and money into developing weapons of mass murder?

22. New Weapons Vicker’s Machine Gun Tanks

23. French Renault Tank SC standard GS 5.1

24. U-Boats SC standard GS 5.1

25. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats SC standard GS 5.1

26. AIRPLANES Airplanes SC standard GS 5.1

27. The Zeppelin

28. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers SC standard GS 5.1

29. Poison Gas Machine Gun SC standard GS 5.1

30. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun SC standard GS 5.1

31. U-Boats Radio Zeppelins SC standard GS 5.1

32. Checking For Understanding

33. New Tactic: Trench Warfare SC standard GS 5.1

34. SC standard GS 5.1

35. The War

36. The Schlieffen Plan • German plan to invade France through Belgium; Win France then fight Russia • Underestimated Russia • Plan fails; leads to a 2 front war • Battle of the Marne (Sept. 1914 SC standard GS 5.1

37. A Multi-Front War SC standard GS 5.1

38. Turning Point of War Collapse of Russia * Allies want Russia to remain in war * 1917 Tsar’s gov’t fails * Bolsheviks take control of Russian gov’t. * Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Dec. 1917) Allows Russia to w/d from WWI. * Russians give up Finland, Poland, Baltic States and parts of the Ukraine. * Germans switch focus to Western Front SC standard GS 5.1

39. The Zimmerman Telegram SC standard GS 5.1

40. The Peace

41. Paris Peace Conference Big Four: Lloyd George (Br), Clemenceau (Fr.), Wilson (US), Orlando (It). Central Powers Excluded Italy leaves conference mad. SC standard GS 5.1

42. SC standard GS 5.1

43. SC standard GS 5.1 Versailles Treaty • Germany: lost 10% of land; create Poland, Czechoslovakia, return Alsace-Lorraine to France • Austrian empire dismantled • Bulgaria lost land • Turkish land divided among Allied countries (protectorates) • Germany blamed for war; ordered to pay reparations – $33 billion • German military strictly limited (defense only)

44. SC standard GS 5.1 14 points • W. Wilson (US) brings ideas to the peace table: • Self-determination for repressed nationalities • Disarmament • Freedom of the seas to all • International body to oversea international relations (League of Nations) • US never signs on to LoN – want to stay out of Euro politics

45. Checking for Understanding • Who were the big winners at the Treaty of Versailles? • Who were the big losers at the Treaty of Versailles? • What kind of countries were created as a result of the treaty? • How does this portend for the future of Europe?

46. 1918 Influenza Epidemic

47. What made it spread worldwide?

48. Checking for Understanding • Formulate a cohesive thesis that explains the following prompt: • Analyze continuities and changes in warfare from 1700 CE to 1919 CE.