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Technology in Action

Technology in Action. Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management. Controls computer functions Hardware Processor Memory Devices Provides means for software to work with the CPU

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Technology in Action

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  1. Technology in Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management

  2. Controls computer functions Hardware Processor Memory Devices Provides means for software to work with the CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface System Software: The OS

  3. Utilities: Small programs that perform helpful computer housekeeping tasks Manage system resources Improve efficiency Virus prevention System Software: Utilities

  4. Operating System Categories • Four categories: • Real-time (RTOS) • Single-user, single-task • Single-user, multitask • Multiuser Samples of each follow:

  5. Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Response time--ASAP • Uses include: • Industrial machines • Robotic devices • Automobiles • Video game consoles • Home appliances

  6. Single-task systems Perform one task at a time PDAs: Pocket PC Palm OS Windows Mobile MS-DOS Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows Mac OS Linux Single-User Operating Systems

  7. Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: • Unix, Linux • Windows, Mac OS • Unicos (Cray Unix) • Windows Server 2008 • Windows Vista • Mac OS X • i5/OS(IBM AS400 OS) • z/OS (IBM mainframe OS)

  8. Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems • An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform. • Microsoft Windows/Intel • Apple Macintosh/Motorola/Intel • Desktop and notebook operating systems include: • Microsoft Windows • Mac OS • Linux • UNIX

  9. Microsoft Windows • This newest version of Windows, which comes in many versions, provides tighter security and improved graphical capabilities. Windows Vista(2007) Windows 7 (2009)

  10. Mac OS • First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface) Xerox Star 1981 • Excellent in: • Graphics display • Processing capabilities • System reliability • File backup utilities • Document recovery • Fewer software applications available than for Windows /Intel

  11. Linux(LinusThorvalds) • Open source—(modifiable) operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded from the Internet • Red Hat, Mandrake, Debian, SuSE, Slackware

  12. Operating Systems for Servers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, Supercomputers • Servers—Manage network resources • Minicomputers—hundreds of users • Mainframes—thousands of users • Supercomputers—many users, fastest calculations • Operating systems: • Windows Server • Unix

  13. UNIX • Multiuser, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes • Developed at Bell Labs in 1971 by Ritchie and Thompson (also created C).

  14. What the OS Does: it is in control of the computer • Provides a user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory and storage • Manages hardware and peripheral devices • Coordinates application software with the CPU

  15. The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the computer • Types of interfaces: • Command-driven interface • Menu-driven interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) Command-driven

  16. Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on • Interrupts • Interrupt handler • Interrupt table • Stack

  17. Memory and Storage Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data. RAM Operating System

  18. Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full. • Swap file • Paging • Thrashing

  19. Hardware and Peripheral Device Management • Device drivers • Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices • Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug and Play • Hardware and software standard • Facilitates the installation of new hardware

  20. Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs) • Blocks of code contained in the operating system • Coordinate the operating system with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus • Microsoft DirectX—improved graphics and sound (Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectSound)--XBOX

  21. Starting the Computer The Boot Process • Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated. • Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware. • Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM. • Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked.

  22. Handling Errors in the Boot Process • Safe mode • Windows does not boot properly • Try rebooting • Uninstall any new devices or software

  23. The Desktop Gadgets

  24. Windows Title bar Close button Ribbon Minimize button Maximize/Restore button Scrollbar Document view options

  25. File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents. • Hierarchical structure of directories: • Drives • C: is hard drive • A: or B: is floppy • D: is usually CD or DVD drive • E and above—thumb drives • Folders • Subfolders • Files

  26. File Management Files and folders inside MGT 111 Spring folder Navigation pane with links to favorite folders MGT 111 Spring folder selected Click to display the Searches Folder Folders presented in a hierarchical structure

  27. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Flip 3D

  28. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Details view

  29. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Large Icon view

  30. Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Other views available: • Tiles view • List view • Small and Medium Icons views

  31. Naming Files • Filename: Name assigned plus filename extension • Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > :| (pipe) • Character not legal in Mac filenames: : Bioreport.docx or Bioreport.docx

  32. Filename Extensions

  33. Filename Extensions (cont.)

  34. File Path • File path: Location of the file

  35. Working with Files • File management actions: • Open • Copy • Move • Rename • Delete • Recycle Bin

  36. Utility Programs • Small programs that perform special functions: • Manage system resources • Create a pleasant environment • Improve efficiency

  37. Display Utilities • Change the appearance of: • Desktop • Windows colors • Font sizes • Include: • Screen savers • Screen resolution • Clear Type (smooth edges, easier read)

  38. Add or Remove Programs • Installation wizard • Uninstall wizard: • Programs cannot simply be deleted

  39. File Compression Utilities • Reduce the size of a file • Take out redundancies • Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet • Generally, repeated patterns are replaced with a shorter placeholder TheraininSpainfallsmainlyontheplain.

  40. System Maintenance Utilities • Disk Cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files

  41. System Maintenance Utilities • Disk defragmenter—reorganize files to reduce fragmentation • ScanDisk: • Error checker • Fix disk errors • Task Manager—terminate program that is frozen or give lower priority

  42. System Restore • Restores system settings back to a specific date when everything worked OK.

  43. System Backup • Backup • Creates a copy of files from hard drive to another storage device • Task Scheduler • Runs selected utilities, automatically updates Windows or Viruschecker

  44. Accessibility Utilities • Ease of Access Center • Centralized location for assistive technology • Examples: • High contrast • Magnifier • On-screen keyboard • Windows speech recognition

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