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Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules

Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. What makes a molecule organic?. Carbon. How many bonds does carbon want? Carbon can form molecules of all different sizes and shapes…. Organic Molecules. Large carbon chains are called polymers or macromolecules

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Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules

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  1. Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules

  2. What makes a molecule organic?

  3. Carbon • How many bonds does carbon want? • Carbon can form molecules of all different sizes and shapes…

  4. Organic Molecules • Large carbon chains are called polymers or macromolecules •  Polymers are made or synthesizedthrough dehydration synthesis , also called a condensation reaction. • Polymers are broken by hydrolysis, which means breaking water apart.

  5. 4 types of macromolecules

  6. Carbohydrates • Examples? • Functions: Energy storage • Atoms: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen • Building blocks: Monosaccharide (mono means?)

  7. Carbohydrates • How are multiple carbohydrates joined together? • Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction

  8. Types of carbohydrates • 1. Monosaccharide(1) - simple sugars! • Ex: glucose, fructose • 2. Disaccharides (2) • Ex: Sucrose or table sugar • 3. Polysaccharides (3+) • Ex: Cellulose (fiber ), Chitin, Glycogen (animal storage, and Starch (plant storage)

  9. Lipids • Examples? • Functions: biological membranes and energy storage • Atoms: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

  10. Types of lipids • Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes 4. Sterols (steroids) *Phosopholipids-used in the making of plasma membrane (Bi-layer or two layers).

  11. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats • Saturated Fats • Contain only single bonds for the carbon • Solid at room temperature • Sources: dairy products (cheese, yogurt, milk, etc), meats and etc. • Unsaturated Fats • Contain at least one double bond • One double bond is monounsaturated • Two or more double bonds is polyunsaturated • Liquid at room temperature • Sources: oils (olive, canola, etc)

  12. Nucleic Acids • Examples? • Functions: heredity (genetics) • Atoms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen • Building blocks: Nucleotides (ATCGU) • Structure: Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous base

  13. Protein • Examples? • Atoms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Nitrogen • Functions: building material, transport, regulation, and aiding chemical reactions. • Building blocks: Amino Acids

  14. Amino Acids

  15. Organic Chemistry & Macromolecule Vocabulary List • Carbohydrates—organic molecule that stores fast energy; examples are sugars and starch • Lipids—organic molecule that is not soluble in water, stores energy and provides insulation; ex: fats and oils • Proteins—organic molecule that is structural and speeds up chemical reactions; ex: enzymes and hemaglobin

  16. Vocabulary List Continued • Nucleic Acids—organic molecule that carries genetic information; ex: DNA & RNA • Benedicts Solution—a blue reagent that changes color in the presence of simple sugars • Starch—a major source of carbohydrates for living things made of bonded glucose molecules

  17. Vocabulary List Continued • Enzymes—a type of protein found in all living things that changes (usually speeds up) the rate of chemical reactions • Insulin—a protein hormone that affects metabolism by breaking down glucose • Glycogen—a complex carbohydrate used to store energy; typically found in liver and muscle cells

  18. Vocabulary List Continued • Cellulose—a polysaccharide carbohydrate made of many bonded glucose units; typically found in cell walls of plants and provides nutritional roughage. • Hemoglobin—a type of protein that is in red blood cells; contains iron and carries oxygen from lungs to body cells. • Biurets Solution—a blue reagent that turns purple in the presence of proteins.

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