SS4115 Integrated Social Work Practice

1. SS4115 Integrated Social Work Practice Au Yin Ting (50577048) Chan Ho Chit Alson (50558114) Chan Oi Wah (50465179) Chan Sin Ting (50568906) Chow Ching Man (50574022) Ng Hiu Ching (50386465) Tang Yuk Yin (50584410) Wong Hay Man Herman (50592390) Yau Man Ling (50579030)

2. Flow of presentation • History of integration of social service in Hong Kong • Definition of Integration • Integration in ICYSC • Integration in Youth at risk • Integration in IFSC • Integration in Rehabilitation • Integration in NLCDP • Integration in DECC • Our comment

3. White Paper- Social Welfare into the 1990s’ and Beyond • Under the welfare programme, children and youth services are delivered mainly through children and youth centres, outreaching social work and school social work .

4. White Paper- Social Welfare into the 1990s’ and Beyond • These services all focus on children and youth in the local community and could with advantage be integrated and operated on a neighborhood basis so that young people in the same area may be served by the same team of workers .

5. Definition of Integration • Integration is combining two or more things together. Integration have two main categories, one is involved the change of quantity before the integration. Another is involved the change is quality before the integration. • The change if quantity defined as accumulating different parties to form a bigger one. The change of quality defined as a complicated change that include the co-ordination to fulfil the change and entirely new function after integration.

6. Integration in ICYSC

7. Previous Critics before Service Integration • Fragmentation of services (i.e. lacking communication among service units) • Duplication of services or service gaps occurred • Problems in manpower deployment and allocation of resources • Unresponsive to the needs of youth in the community

8. Process in the arise of ICYSCs • 1992 setting up of official committee to evaluate the effectiveness of the previous children and youth services • 1994 The Evaluation Report on the Children and Youth Centre Services in Hong Kong • suggested the ideas of integrated teams • outreaching + school + youth centre • At the end of 1994, 10 Integrated Teams (IT) => pilot • 1997 • Evaluation on the Implementation of the Review Report on Children and Youth Centre Services • integrated model is more effective than the previous one

9. 2005.09.01 133 ICYSCs • Start from 1998 The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust and Lotteries Fund Support modernization programmes at ICYSC. The modernisation works included the use of more durable materials and refreshing colours so as to create a lively atmosphere to attract more youth members • Until now (2006) it is the Third Batch Modernisation Programme of Integrated Children and Youth Services Centre. (source: The Hong Kong Jockey Club and SWD)

10. Integrated Children and Youth Services Centres (ICYSCs) Services: • children and youth centre services • outreaching social work • school social work services For children and youth aged 6-24 Source: Social Welfare Department

11. Four core programmes • guidance and counselling • supportive service for young people in disadvantaged circumstances • socialisation programmes • development of social responsibility and competence Non-core programmes • drop-in service, interest groups, summer youth programmes and study/reading room service are also provided to offer opportunities for children and youth to spend their leisure time constructively. Source: Social Welfare Department

12. Other services in some ICYSCs • Overnight Outreaching Service for Young Night DriftersStarting from September 2001, 18 Integrated Children and Youth Services Centres, equipped with additional manpower, vehicles and mobile phones, have extended their service hour and service focus to provide overnight outreaching services for young night drifters over the territory. Source: SWD

13. Other services in some ICYSCs • Community Support Services Scheme (CSSS) • children and youth cautioned under the Police Superintendents' Discretion Scheme • re-integrating into the mainstream education or work force and reducing the likelihood of re-offending. • individual and family counseling, therapeutic groups, skill training/educational groups, adventure activities as well as recreational and community services. there are five NGOs operating CSSS and attached to five existing Integrated Children and Youth Services Centers. Source: SWD

14. Overnight Outreaching Children and youth centre /+ + ICYSC outreaching social work /+ + Community Support Services Scheme School social work

15. Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC e.g. children and youth centre services + outreaching social work + school social work services

16. Advantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service user • promote early intervention, identify those at risk • prevent the gap rising between the services • Same recognition (as centre members) decrease stigmatize

17. Advantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For worker • Increase coordination => workers can exchange their knowledge and skills • Get more insights in services providing or other areas from joining together with other services’ workers

18. Advantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service unit • More flexibility in deploying manpower and other resources • reduce overlapping services • under one management => increase accountability

19. Disadvantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service users • Intergraded services => decrease services provided for their special needs (especially for those marginal youths) • Workers’ discussing time increase => delay services implementation

20. Disadvantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For Workers • Irresponsible workers slide their works to other easily • Increase worker’s pressure to complete the resources within the services in the same unit (especially spaces and funding) • Higher demands in worker different skills and knowledge (specialist vs general) • Increase time using in communication and centre duty or related works => increase work load but decrease the services provide to some target group (less time to outreach) • Pressure increase as work load increase

21. Disadvantages in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service unit • Increase time-using in management and division of labor • One supervisors supervises more workers => decrease the quality of supervision (now more focus in services provided but less focus in supervise workers ability and performance)

22. Difficulties in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For workers • Some people found difficulties deal with different type of services users (e.g. those previous centre base’s workers do not know how to communicate with those marginalize youths) • Some workers have their bias towards those marginalize youths in reality • Conflicts between workers from different services as there are different working style towards different services (e.g. those in outreach sometimes different to those in centre-base)

23. Difficulties in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service users • More conflicts between service users (e.g. parents do not accept to those marginalize youths)

24. Difficulties in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service units • Not enough spaces to implement different services at the same time in the golden period (e.g. after school time, on sat. etc.) • Difficult to manage the large team • Difficulties in allocation of resources to deal with the different needs in community

25. Solutions in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For service users • Education to service users (more acceptance)

26. Solutions in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For workers • Self-learning to equip themselves • Training in conflict mediation • Understanding the benefit of integration • Remind of social workers values and principle (people is unique and have different needs and workers should accept to their service users

27. Solutions in Service/Worker-oriented Integration in ICYSC For agency • Increase the labour employment to reduce workers’ work loads • Set clear guideline to workers in cooperation with others • Frequent meeting for workers to share and clear the difficulties

28. Profession-oriented Integration in ICYSC e.g. police + social worker in Police Superintendent Discretion Scheme Teachers cooperation with social workers to hold activities for students at school

29. Advantages in Profession-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Increase the quality of services as there are different professionals involved in the treatment or services provided • Provide some specific interventions or services as the hot issues. (e.g. different strategy in police and social worker)

30. Disadvantages in Profession-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Increase time-using in contacting and collaborating with different kinds of professionals • Increase time using discuss and so delay the services implementation

31. Difficulties in Profession-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Workers said that the cooperation between the professionals are difficult as they are from different background and whole different ideas and values (e.g. police vs social worker) => consensus is difficult to reach • There are difficulties to compromise the time to contact and discuss together • Difficult to set the working boundaries, i.e. to state clear which profession take charge in which one

32. Solution in Profession-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Hold a preparatory and detailed briefing and sharing before the service started • Remind the benefit of integration => common goal => aims at helping with service users

33. Method-oriented Integration in ICYSC

34. Advantages in Method-oriented Integration in ICYSC • More flexibility to fulfill service users different needs (social work principle: human is unique) • Help in more effective way (implement group works rather than only case work) • Keep worker updating their skills and knowledge (self-improve) in order to fulfill the need • May increase the involvement of systems in helping service users (e.g. link to parent and family from some activities or group work => increase bonding => decrease delinquent behavior )

35. Disadvantages in Method-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Increasing work load in workers as they need to prepare different methods provided to services users • Increase pressure to workers as the demand in different knowledge and skills increase

36. Difficulties in Method-oriented Integration in ICYSC • There are difficulties in changes services method (e.g. more centre base services) • Not enough space to provide different activities in limited area (i.e. golden time in service users)

37. Solution in Method-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Giving training for workers to up-date or increase their knowledge • Holding joint meeting for workers to share and learn from others • Regulate workers’ working hours to encourage them to self-learn • More supervision to workers (this may need to increase the number of supervisors as after integration, the ratio of supervisors to workers decrease)

38. Agency-oriented integration e.g. initiate youths volunteers to provides services in the elder centre

39. Advantages in Agency-oriented integration in ICYSC • Increase the resources • Utilize the strengths among different agencies • Different agencies can provide various resources, like manpower, financial support, professional or specific knowledge and skills • E.g. volunteer group (Youth + Elderly or Youth + Rehabilitation Center), researches (HKFYG + Universities)

40. Advantages in Agency-oriented integration in ICYSC • Reduce the overlapping of the services • In the past, C&Y center and school also hold the social skill trainings in the same district, the services are overlapped; after integration, ICYSC can hold a social skill training once for the same target.

41. Disadvantages in Agency-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Increase time-consuming on cooperation • The operations of the agencies are different so that the workers need to spend more time to regulate and understand other agencies at first • Spend time on discussing about the service or project implement that suit for the agencies

42. Difficulties in Agency-oriented Integration in ICYSC • In practical, the workers have many services (case, group & programme) in their center so that they do not have any spare time on coordinate with other agencies

43. Solutions in Agency-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Preparatory information of the agencies and detailed briefing before the implementation • The supervisor in those agencies can flexibly regulate / reduce their colleagues’ workloads

44. Locality-oriented Integration e.g. 地區青年高峰會

45. Advantages in Locality-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Up to date => community need • E.g. 地區青年高峰會http://www.hkcss.org.hk/cy/2006%20youth%20summit.pdf • Enhance the cohesion in the community • Increase the interflow with the agencies in same local • Reduce the administration processes • Easy to referral the cases to get suitable service or intervention • E.g. when the school social worker discovers the student who is lack of social skill, and he can refer the student to the center for follow-up. • Assemble the resources

46. Disadvantages in Locality-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Inefficiently on division of labor • Difficult to evaluate the service / project with different agencies

47. Difficulties & solutions in Locality-oriented Integration • Difficulties • Consensus of the operation • Various service units or workers have their own mind sets and policies • Solutions • Regular locality meeting to increase the communication between the different service units

48. Client-oriented Integration e.g. one-stop service

49. Advantages in Client-oriented Integration in ICYSC • one-stop service in IT teams • School, Center and Outreach teams can mutually coordinate • Service users conveniently get many services in a center • Diversity and hostile of service (fulfill and enrich the development, prevention and remediation)

50. Disadvantages in Client-oriented Integration in ICYSC • Learn delinquent behavior easily • all types of services users come together in a center, also the delinquency • Low integration among the delinquency and general adolescent • Difficult subcultures, lifestyles and behaviours