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Measuring Rurality

Measuring Rurality. Overview. ERS has developed several classifications to measure rurality and assess the economic and social diversity of rural America. Rural-Urban Continuum Codes —Classifies U.S. counties by urbanization and nearness to a metropolitan area.

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Measuring Rurality

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  1. Measuring Rurality

  2. Overview • ERS has developed several classifications to measure rurality and assess the economic and social diversity of rural America. • Rural-Urban Continuum Codes—Classifies U.S. counties by urbanization and nearness to a metropolitan area. • Urban Influence Codes—Classifies U.S. counties by size of the largest city and nearness to metropolitan and micropolitan areas. • Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA)—Classifies U.S. census tracts using measures of urbanization, population density, and daily commuting. • The ERS Typology Code -- classifies rural counties by their economic and policy types.

  3. U.S. Census Bureau definitions • Rural areas comprise open country and settlements with fewer than 2,500 residents. • Urban areas comprise larger places and densely settled areas around them. (That do not necessarily follow municipal boundaries). • Most counties, whether metropolitan or non-metropolitan, contain a combination of urban and rural populations.

  4. Definitions (areas) Urban areas are of two types: • Urbanized areas • Contain urban nucleus of 50,000 or more people. (They may or may not contain any individual cities of 50,000 or more) • And must have a core with a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile and may contain adjoining territory with at least 500 persons per square mile. • Urban clusters • Have the same density criteria but are 2,899-50,000 in population • Rural areas consist of all territory located outside of urbanized areas and urban clusters.

  5. Counties: • Counties are typically active political jurisdictions • Usually have programmatic importance at the Federal and State level • Estimates of population, employment, and income are available for them annually. • They are also frequently used as basic building blocks for areas of economic and social integration.

  6. Definitions (Counties) • Metro and non-metro areas are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). • Metro counties are central counties with one or more urbanized areas • Or outlying counties that are economically tied to the core counties as measured by work commuting. • Outlying counties are included if 25 percent of workers living in the county commute to the central counties, • or if 25 percent of the employment in the county consists of workers coming out from the central counties—the so-called "reverse" commuting pattern. • Non-metropolitan counties are all counties that do not fit this definition

  7. County status

  8. Links • Measuring rurality • Rural trends (amber waves and Rural America at a glance) • Data sources on codes and other measures

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