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The Roaring 20’s

Explore the economic expansion, cultural revolution, and political power of the Roaring 20's, with a focus on the Great Migration, changing roles of women, Harlem Renaissance, Ku Klux Klan, and the rise of mass media.

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The Roaring 20’s

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  1. The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict

  2. Ageof Prosperity • Economic expansion • Mass Production • Assembly Line • Age of the Automobile • Ailing Agriculture…

  3. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration • U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe • at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed • so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) • so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

  4. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty • sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery • 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop • white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

  5. Changing Roles of Women • Flappers • Young • Semi-professional • Margaret Sanger • Birth Control • Miriam A. Ferguson • Governor. First women in government office

  6. 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote • after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home • and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions • women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt • characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman" • (bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

  7. Harlem Renaissance • “Flowering” of African American Arts • Result of Great Migration • Literature • Langston Hughes • Zora Neale Hurston • Drama • Paul Robeson

  8. Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem • within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished • But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

  9. Music of the Harlem Renaissance • Blues • Bessie Smith • Jazz • W. African Rhythms + European Harmony • Louis Armstrong • Duke Ellington • Cotton Club

  10. African American Politics • Voting Bloc • Republican • Oscar DePriest • NAACP • Lobbying • John J. Parker • Lawsuits

  11. Stances on Segregation • Booker T. Washington • Accommodation / Gradualism • W.E.B. Du Bois (NAACP) • Integration • Marcus Garvey • Separatism

  12. Marcus Garvey • Universal Negro Improvement Association • Black Nationalism • Black Star Lines • “Back to Africa” Movement

  13. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association • believed in Black pride • advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority • Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa • he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line • attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud • he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

  14. The Ku Klux Klan Great increase In power Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers

  15. Mass Media • Radio • National Culture • George “Babe” Ruth • Charles Lindbergh • Miss America Pageant • Magazines • Advertising

  16. Motion Pictures • Silent Films • Charlie Chaplin • Rudolph Valentino • D.W. Griffith • Feature Length Film • Birth of A Nation • 1927 • The Jazz Singer • “Talkie”

  17. Rudolph Valentino

  18. Lillian Gish

  19. Literature • “Lost Generation” • Disillusionment after WWI • Ernest Hemingway • For Whom the Bell Tolls • Farewell to Arms • F. Scott Fitzgerald • The Great Gatsby • Sinclair Lewis • Babbit

  20. Art • Realism

  21. Consumer Economy RADIO VACUUM CLEANER

  22. INVENTIONS of the 20’s • 1920- Tommy Gun, Band-Aid, Hair Dryer • 1921- First Robot & Lie Detctor • 1922- Insulin, Convertible, Water skiing • 1923- Traffic Signal, T.V, Clarence Birdseye frozen food • 1924- Spiral notebooks • 1926- Power steering, first drive through (City Center Bank), toaster • 1927- PEZ candy • 1928- penicillin, Bubble Gum, electric shaver • 1929- car radio, Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad

  23. Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

  24. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis Jack Dempsey

  25. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" • in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time • for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

  26. The 20’s isThe Jazz Age The Flappers make up cigarettes short skirts Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington

  27. Republican Power • President Harding • Elected 1920 • Legacy of Scandals • “Teapot Dome” • Died in office

  28. President Coolidge“The business of America is business.” • Fordney-McCumber Tariff • Smoot-Hawley Tariff • No help for farmers • Foreign Policy

  29. Anti-immigrant National Origins Act Discrimination Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Italian immigrants Unfair trial A Society in Conflict

  30. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic • N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values • this fear was known as NATIVISM • many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe • fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) • basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

  31. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke • his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage • he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

  32. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Science vs. Religion Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers John Scopes High School Biology teacher

  33. Prohibition 18th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters untouchables Al Capone

  34. Prohibition • 1920 • 18th Amendment • Bootlegging • Speakeasies • Organized Crime • Al Capone • Elliot Ness

  35. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol • adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT • an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement • in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded • a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise • Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith… • Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment • forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

  36. Fundamentalism • Literal Biblical Interpretation • Feared “New Morality” • Billy Sunday • Evolution • Charles Darwin • Scopes “Monkey” Trial • Clarence Darrow • William Jennings Bryan

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