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Do Now. Regents Review Day 09. Genetics. DNA Structure. DNA contains all of the genetic information of an individual. Chromosomes are made of DNA . They contain genes and are found in the nucleus of the cell. DNA Structure. DNA Structure.

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  1. Do Now

  2. Regents Review Day 09 Genetics

  3. DNA Structure • DNA contains all of the genetic information of an individual. • Chromosomes are made of DNA. They contain genes and are found in the nucleus of the cell.

  4. DNA Structure

  5. DNA Structure • DNA is made of 4 different repeated nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G) arranged in a double helix. • To form the double helix of DNA, A and T bond together and C and G bond together. • Using this base pair rule, DNA can unzip and make copies of itself (DNA replication).

  6. DNA Structure

  7. DNA Function and Mutations • The information in the sequence (order) of the bases is used to form all of the proteins necessary for our traits and survival. • Any change in the order of the bases is called a mutation. Mutations usually cause disease or death.

  8. DNA Function and Mutations

  9. Protein Synthesis • Codons are sets of 3 bases that code for amino acids. • The order of the amino acids in a protein chain determine how it will fold to make its 3 dimensional shape. • Protein shape determines protein function (what it does).

  10. Protein Synthesis

  11. Environment and Gene Expression • All of the body cells in an individual have the same DNA, but only certain genes are expressed (turned on). • Gene expression is affected by the environment (light, temperature, etc…)

  12. Environment and Gene Expression

  13. Homework #42 R.B. p. 49-50, #1-9 (full answers only)

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