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Unit 8

Unit 8. Immigration Ms. Rybak – US History. Essential Questions . By the end of this unit you will be able to answer the following questions: What are the significant differences between the periods of “Old Migration” and “New Migration” in America?

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Unit 8

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  1. Unit 8 Immigration Ms. Rybak – US History

  2. Essential Questions • By the end of this unit you will be able to answer the following questions: • What are the significant differences between the periods of “Old Migration” and “New Migration” in America? • What is the main difference in the geographic origin of earlier immigrants and the more recent immigrants to the US? • Why might the term “salad bowl” be a more accurate metaphor than “melting pot” to describe the relationship between various ethic groups in America today?

  3. Timeline - Immigration • From approximately 1700-1800 label “old migration” • From approximately 1850-1925 label “new migration” • From 1925-end of timeline label as NOA period • At 1892 (estimate) label the opening of Ellis Island Immigration center

  4. Different Periods of Immigration • “Old” Immigration (Colonial Period) • Dominated by the English • Other “English” speaking people; Scotch and Irish • Western and Northern Europeans: Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans • Africans (as forced labor – early slavery)

  5. Different Periods of Immigration • “Old” Immigration • Most came for religious or political freedom • Some came to improve their economic situation • Opportunities for new land

  6. Different Periods of Immigration • “Old” Immigration • These people became the US • They generally worked together and supported one another as newcomers in a new land • They often had common enough cultural traditions to reduce significant conflicts from occurring

  7. Different Periods of Immigration • “New Immigration” (Late 1800-Early 1900) • More from Eastern and Southern Europe • Asians from Japan and China

  8. Different Periods of Immigration • “New” Immigration • Better economic opportunities in the industrial centers of America (because of industrialization) • Religious Freedom (especially Russian Jews) • Some for political freedoms

  9. Different Periods of Immigration • “New” Immigration • A significant increase in anti-immigrant feelings or “Nativism” • The first considered themselves to be the true or “native” Americans and resented new immigrants • Significant cultural differences often created prejudice (Italians vs. Irish) • Many feared the erosion of their original “American” way of life

  10. Different Periods of Immigration • NOA Period (1925-1965) • Mostly Europeans from England, Italy, Germany • Reasons: World War II

  11. Different Periods of Immigration • Recent Immigration • Latin Americans (Mexicans crossing illegally over the border, etc.) • Caribbean Islands (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic) • Asian (China, Philippines, Vietnam, South Korea, India, Pakistan

  12. Terms - Immigration • Old Immigration: First wave of Europeans coming to the Americas (1700’s). Usually came from Northern and Western parts of Europe. Usually came with money. Came for a more independent life. • New Immigration: The second wave of Europeans coming to the United States (1800’s). Usually from Eastern or Southern Europe. Usually came poor – looking for opportunities.

  13. Terms • Nativists: Americans that rejected the new immigrants coming to America. They considered themselves the “true” Americans and did not like the new wave of “foreigners” and their different cultures. • Know Nothing Party: Also called the American Party, they opposed new immigrants in America. They feared the loss of jobs, and as mostly Protestants, they feared a Catholic influence and possible control of America by the Pope – and the loss of religious and political freedoms.

  14. Terms • The Yellow Peril: A term used to describe the influx of Asian, especially Chinese, immigrants to the US. Also called the “yellow terror.” • Ellis Island: Island in New York Harbor where immigrants first arrived and registered.

  15. Terms • The Melting Pot: A metaphor to describe the old belief that immigrants blended easily into the American culture – that the various cultures mixed to make a new cultural identity. • The Salad Bowl: A more accepted metaphor that describes how various cultural groups coexist in America, living together but retaining their original cultural identity.

  16. Terms • Cultural Pluralism: A term that is in line with the “salad bowl” metaphor above. The idea that various cultural groups can exist within one larger cultural identity. • Refugee: A person who flees one nation for another in search of a more peaceful situation.

  17. Terms • Assimilation: The process of blending in to the dominant society – in this case the process of becoming “Americanized.” Immigrants chose, or were sometimes forced, to learn English, accept new foods, and adapt to other cultural differences. • Naturalization: The formal process to become an American citizen.

  18. Essential Questions • What are the significant differences between the periods of “Old Migration” and “New Migration” in America? • What is the main difference in the geographic origin of earlier immigrants and the more recent immigrants to the US? • Why might the term “salad bowl” be a more accurate metaphor than “melting pot” to describe the relationship between various ethic groups in America today?

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